Heterogeneous integration of Si photodiodes on silicon nitride for near-visible light detection

Silicon nitride (SiN) is used extensively to complement the standard silicon photonics portfolio. However, thus far demonstrated light sources and detectors on SiN have predominantly focused on telecommunication wavelengths. Yet, to unlock the full potential of SiN, integrated photodetectors for wavelengths below 850 nm are essential to serve applications such as biosensing, imaging, and quantum photonics. Here, we report the first, to the best of our knowledge, microtransfer printed Si p-i-n photodiodes on a commercially available SiN platform to target wavelengths <850 nm. A novel heterogeneous integration process flow was developed to offer a high microtransfer printing yield. Moreover, these devices are fabricated with CMOS compatible and wafer-scale technology. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreemen

Unprincipled principals: co-opted bureaucrats and corruption in Ghana

In theory, granting politicians tools to oversee bureaucrats can reduce administrative malfeasance. In contrast, I argue that the political control of bureaucrats can increase corruption when politicians need money to fund election campaigns and face limited institutional constraints. In such contexts, politicians can leverage their discretionary powers to incentivize bureaucrats to extract rents from the state on politicians’ behalf. Using data from an original survey of bureaucrats (N=864) across 80 randomly sampled local governments in Ghana, I show that bureaucrats are more likely to facilitate politicians’ corrupt behavior when politicians are perceived to be empowered with higher levels of discretionary control. Using qualitative data and a list experiment to demonstrate the mechanism, I show that politicians enact corruption by threatening to transfer non-compliant officers. My findings provide new evidence on the sources of public administrative deficiencies in developing countries and qualify the presumption that greater political oversight improves governance

Filling the gap of silicon nitride photonic platform functionalities using micro-transfer printing

International audienceIn this work we demonstrate the heterogeneous integration of active devices on the SiN photonic platform using micro-transfer printing and we will discuss the remaining technological challenge

Present and future of micro-transfer printing for heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits

We present the current state of the art in micro-transfer printing for heterogeneously integrated silicon photonic integrated circuits. The versatility of the technology is highlighted, as is the way ahead to make this technology a key enabler for next-generation photonic systems-on-chip

Present and future of micro-transfer printing for heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits

We present the current state of the art in micro-transfer printing for heterogeneously integrated silicon photonic integrated circuits. The versatility of the technology is highlighted, as is the way ahead to make this technology a key enabler for next-generation photonic systems-on-chip.SCOPUS: sh.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe