Antenatal depression and anxiety in primiparous Polish mothers and fathers

Objectives: Mood disturbances are the most prevalent mental health problems in expectant parents. The knowledge aboutthe factors which increase the risk of perinatal depression is insufficient, especially in fathers. The aims of the present studywere to estimate the prevalence and to compare mean levels of antenatal depression and anxiety as well as to examinethe relationship between the risk for depression and anxiety in primiparous Polish parents.Material and methods: 250 parental couples participating in antenatal classes took part in the study. Depression andanxiety were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI),respectively. Paired t-test with bootstrapping was applied to compare parental EPDS, as well as STAI raw scores. Pearsoncorrelation coefficients were calculated for depression and anxiety scores for women and men separately. The factorspredictive for the increased risk of depression were investigated with the use of a multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: 10% of women and 4% of men were at risk of depression. High level of state anxiety was found in 7.7% of expectantmothers and 10% of fathers, whereas elevated state anxiety was found in 19% of both parents. EPDS scores correlatedmoderately with anxiety. The risk of depression was increased by state anxiety in the case of mothers and by trait anxietyin the case of fathers.Conclusions: High level of anxiety increases the risk of antenatal depression. Both parents should be screened for depressionand anxiety in the prenatal period

W czasie, poza czasem. Twórczość poetycka Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego w świetle koncepcji sztuki wyrastających z nauk przyrodniczych

Uważna lektura wierszy Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego ujawnia, że w swej istocie są one poetycką próbą docierania do istoty człowieczeństwa. Dlatego też pierwszym celem rozprawy jest odszukiwanie głębokich tekstowych znaczeń. Analizę wierszy oparto na założeniu, że poezja (jak każda ze sztuk temporalnych) jest zakorzeniona w ludzkiej historii zarówno na poziomie ontogenetycznym jak filogenetycznym i może być traktowana jako nad-zwyczajny przekaz będący splotem sensów werbalnych i pozawerbalnych. Rozumienie czytania poezji w kategoriach intersubiektywnej komunikacji autor-odbiorca - komunikacji, w której czas lektury, stając się czasem muzycznego podzielania rytmów, przekracza bariery czasu historycznego – jest podejściem nowym w badaniach literackich i wymaga ugruntowania teoretycznego oraz metodologicznego. Dlatego też drugim celem pracy jest przedstawienie takich koncepcji sztuki wyrastających z nauk przyrodniczych, które mogą wiele wnieść do myślenia o poezji i jej analizie. Wydaje się, że szczególnie trzy nurty badań i koncepcji: 1) biolkulturowa koncepcja sztuki Ellen Dissanayake, 2) badania z kręgu nurokognitywistyki i kognitywistyki archeologicznej, 3) badania z kręgu psychologii rozwojowej nad wczesną komunikacją i muzycznością komunikacyjną mogą wyposażyć badaczy literatury w cenny aparat pojęciowy oraz narzędzia analityczne.A careful reading of poems by Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński shows that, at its core, his poetry is an attempt to discover and comprehend the essence of humanity. Thus, this dissertation aims primarily at finding deep textual meanings. The literary analysis of the poems is based here on the premise that poetry (as any temporal art) is deeply rooted in human ontogenetic as well as phylogenetic history, and so, it may be seen as a kind of extra-ordinary speech, in which verbal and preverbal meanings intertwine. An innovative approach is offered, to understand the act of reading in terms of intersubjective communication between the author and the reader, such communication in which time of reading becomes the time of musically shared meaningful rhythms and thus crosses the boundaries of historical time. This approach in literary studies requires theoretical legitimization and thorough methodological consideration. Therefore, the second aim of this dissertation is to propose and describe such notions of art derived from natural sciences, that would have something revealing to say about poetry itself and its analysis as well. In particular, three branches of these studies and notions seem to have the potential to provide literary scholars and poetry interpreters with both interesting conceptual apparatus and analytical tools. These are as follows: 1) the biocultural conception of art by Ellen Dissanayake, 2) cognitive neuroscience along with evolutionary cognitive neuroscience, and 3) the research in the fields of developmental psychology, early communication and communicative musicality

Mózgowe korelaty doświadczeń związanych z odbiorem tekstu poetyckiego

According to Ellen Dissanayake’s concept, art is a form of ontologically mature, developed culturally human communication. At the same time, by definition creating works of art means giving extraordinary meanings to ordinary objects and everyday events. Art opens then special, out of touch with current reality space to express and share human experiences. Natural science proves and deepens this humanistic perspective. The article is an attempt to present the anthropological approach to art and research on brain structure and work as complementary approaches to comprehend experiences related to reception of poetry

Paternal Involvement and Attention Sharing in Interactions of Premature and Full-Term Infants with Fathers: A Brief Report

The aim of this study was to analyze possible links between paternal involvement and children’s competence in coordinated joint attention (CJA) in preterm versus full-term 12-month-old babies. Paternal involvement was measured through the amount of time fathers allocated to different activities with their infants, whereas children’s capacity for CJA was inferred on the basis of episodes of joint attention (EJA), empirically derived from father-infant interactions. Fifty-nine father-infant dyads participated in the study. Fatherinfant interactions in free-play situations, diaries of infant activities, and semi-structured family interviews were analyzed. Episodes of joint attention were more frequent in interactions of fathers with full-term babies in comparison to extremely premature babies, and in the case of preterm infants, in dyads with highly involved fathers as compared to those with a relatively low level of involvement