Learning and Libraries: Competencies for Full Participation

published or submitted for publicatio

Origins of the Tumor Microenvironment: Quantitative Assessment of Adipose-Derived and Bone Marrow–Derived Stroma

To meet the requirements for rapid tumor growth, a complex array of non-neoplastic cells are recruited to the tumor microenvironment. These cells facilitate tumor development by providing matrices, cytokines, growth factors, as well as vascular networks for nutrient and waste exchange, however their precise origins remain unclear. Through multicolored tissue transplant procedures; we have quantitatively determined the contribution of bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived cells to stromal populations within syngeneic ovarian and breast murine tumors. Our results indicate that subpopulations of tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are recruited from two distinct sources. The majority of fibroblast specific protein (FSP) positive and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) positive TAFs originate from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) located in bone marrow sources, whereas most vascular and fibrovascular stroma (pericytes, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells) originates from neighboring adipose tissue. These results highlight the capacity for tumors to utilize multiple sources of structural cells in a systematic and discriminative manner

Whilst time is burning : a report on education for development

The successes and failures of the many plans and dreams for education during the ambitious 60s are examined together with why many of these schemes did not succeed, and how most of the problems of illiteracy, unemployment and underemployment, inadequate qualified manpower and irrelevant and outdated educational methods and facilities still remain. It is emphasized that it is pointless and expensive to completely discard present educational systems, but preferable to adapt and improve what already exists. An attempt is not made to provide answers to these problems, but a vast range of alternative ideas, innovations and educational aids are considered. It is pointed out that many education problems are not peculiar to developing countries, but are familiar throughout the world; and that there is a great need for improved communications between countries and a greater sensitivity toward both conflicting and mutual needs

L'Éducation populaire par le film /

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