Initial steps for high-throughput phenotyping in vineyards

The evaluation of phenotypic characters of grapevines is required directly in vineyards and is strongly limited by time, costs and the subjectivity of person in charge. Sensor-based techniques are prerequisite in order to allow non-invasive phenotyping of individual plant traits, to increase the quantity of object records and to reduce error variation. Thus, a Prototype-Image-Acquisition-System (PIAS) was developed for semi-automated capture of geo-referenced images in an experimental vineyard. Different strategies were tested for image interpretation using MATLAB®. The interpretation of images from the vineyard with real background is more practice-oriented but requires the calculation of depth maps. Different image analysis tools were verified in order to enable contactless and non-invasive detection of bud burst and quantification of shoots at an early developmental stage (BBCH 10) and enable fast and accurate determination of the grapevine berry size at BBCH 89. Depending on the time of image acquisition at BBCH 10 up to 94 % of green shoots were visible in images. The mean berry size (BBCH 89) was recorded non-invasively with a precision of 1 mm.

Smartspectrometer—embedded optical spectroscopy for applications in agriculture and industry

The ongoing digitization of industry and agriculture can benefit significantly from optical spectroscopy. In many cases, optical spectroscopy enables the estimation of properties such as substance concentrations and compositions. Spectral data can be acquired and evaluated in real time, and the results can be integrated directly into process and automation units, saving resources and costs. Multivariate data analysis is needed to integrate optical spectrometers as sensors. Therefore, a spectrometer with integrated artificial intelligence (AI) called SmartSpectrometer and its interface is presented. The advantages of the SmartSpectrometer are exemplified by its integration into a harvesting vehicle, where quality is determined by predicting sugar and acid in grapes in the field

Constructing a Recipe Web from Historical Newspapers

Historical newspapers provide a lens on customs and habits of the past. For example, recipes published in newspapers highlight what and how we ate and thought about food. The challenge here is that newspaper data is often unstructured and highly varied, digitised historical newspapers add an additional challenge, namely that of fluctuations in OCR quality. Therefore, it is difficult to locate and extract recipes from them. We present our approach based on distant supervision and automatically extracted lexicons to identify recipes in digitised historical newspapers, to generate recipe tags, and to extract ingredient information. We provide OCR quality indicators and their impact on the extraction process. We enrich the recipes with links to information on the ingredients. Our research shows how combining natural language processing, machine learning, and semantic web can be used to construct a rich dataset from heterogeneous newspapers for the historical analysis of food culture

Luftverunreinigungen aus gewerblichen und industriellen Biomasse- und Holzfeuerungen. T. 1 und T. 2 Luftverunreinigungen aus gewerblichen und industriellen Holzfeuerungen. -Schadstoffarme Verbrennung von Biomassen

The report comprises two parts: Part I - ''Air pollution from commercial and industrial wood furnaces'' - was compiled by the Clean Air Department of the IVD. Part II - ''Low-pollution combustion of biomass'' was compiled by the Steam Generator Engineering Department of the IVD; this section is based on a PEF project of the years 1992-1994. (orig.)Die vorliegende Arbeit ist in zwei Teile gegliedert: Teil I -''Luftverunreinigungen aus gewerblichen und industriellen Holzfeuerungen'' -wurde von der Abteilung Reinhaltung der Luft des IVD bearbeitet. Teil II -''Schadstoffarme Verbrennung von Biomassen'' - wurde von der Abteilung Dampferzeugertechnik des IVD erstellt; dieser Teil entstand aus einem in den Jahren 1992-1994 bearbeiteten PEF-Projekt. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEMinisterium fuer Umwelt und Verkehr des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart (Germany)DEGerman