The relationship between parental report about their children’s obsessive- compulsive disorder symptoms and thought fusion with parent-child relationship structure in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between parental report about their children’s obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and thought fusion with the parent-child relationship structure among the adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was correlational descriptive and the statistical population included all the adolescents affected by obsessive compulsive disorder in the City of Ardabil during the 2015-2016 year. The sampling method was available sampling so that 83 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected from and the questionnaires were implemented on them. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression method. The results showed a significant relationship between the parental report about their children’s obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms and the parent-child relationship structure, but no significant relationship was observed between the thought fusion of the adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder and the parent-child relationship structure. Therefore, this research showed that using the parental report for detecting OCD in adolescents can be an effective strategy and can be used as a clinical assessment for additional assurance. Also, another important finding highlights the relationship between parent-child relationship structure and parent’s ability to predict their children abnormalities, so investigating family relationships also can be used for better understanding of patient’s problem and needs

The Comparsion of the Efficacy of Group Psychotherapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness on Craving and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Methamphetamine Addicts

Aim: Today, third wave therapies in psychotherapy shift their attention from challenging cognitions to awareness and acceptance of feelings, emotions, cognitions and behaviors. Therefore, this research aimed to compare of efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, with mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. Method: Research method was semi experimental research design with pre-post test and follow up. The population of research was included all of methamphetamine addicts in baharestan, Isfahan. Drug abusers was 34 participants that refered to addiction rehabilitation centers and selected by snowball sampling and finaly divided to 2groups by radomization (acceptance and commitment therapy group and mindfulness groups). Each groups recieved treatment in 12 sessions (At First 2 sessions per week and at last 1 session per week). Two groups assessed by craving test (Ekhtiary, 1387) and cognitive emotion regulation (garnefski et al, 2002), in pretest, post test and follow up. Results: The results showed that two treatment groups had significant effect on craving intensity in post test and follow up. In addition, there was no significant difference in comparing of the efficacy of these two treatments on cognitive emotion regulation and it means that both two traetments had same effect on cognitive emotion regulatin. Conclusion: we can say that acceptance and commitmet therapy and mindfulnesshave effect on reduction psychopathology from using amphetamines due to same theraputic factors

Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms- Suicidal tendencies: A Mediating Role of Rumination and Thwarted Belongingness

Introduction Suicidal behavior is one of the most important factors in behavioral health among young people and the second cause of death among this population [1]. ... [2-4]. One of the causes of students' risk of suicide is psychological factors [5]. ... [6-8]. Specific childhood experiences increases the risk of adopting health-damaging behaviors such as personality disorders [9] and antisocial behaviors and suicide attempts [10]. Rumination is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide risk, however the mechanism of influence is unknown [11]. Rumination is set of passive thoughts repetitive and a way to deal with negative moods that involve self-centered attention. [12]. Rumination is associated with more severe and long-term depression and delayed betterment and thoughts increase of suicidal ideation, motivation and concentration decrease and also greater frustration [13]. Negative and unpleasant experiences in childhood are among the thoughts that are continued in adulthood and become as inconsistent behaviors [14] ... [15]. Thwarted belongingness is also one of the issues that has been considered in new models of suicide [16]. ... [17]. Two components of rumination and thwarted belongingness can be considered as mediating factors in relation between bad childhood experiences and suicidal ideation. .... [18]. This study is significant because many people referred to a police officer within three months before of committing suicide [19]. The suicidal ideation has also been seen in military societies such as soldiers [20]. Aim(s) The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between childhood experiences and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation among young people by considering the mediating role of rumination and thwarted belongingness. The hypothetical research model is presented in Figure 1. Research Type This descriptive study was done via by structural equation modeling. Research Society, Place and Time The statistical population of this study was all students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in the academic year of 2020. Sampling Method and Number 650 people were selected by available sampling method. Used Devices & Materials Data were collected using the Depression-Suicide Syndrome Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and convergent validity 0.91 and 0.74) .... [21, 22], Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha and convergent validity 0.88 and 84) / 0) .... [23, 24], Rumination Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and convergent validity 0.79 and 0.75) ... [25, 26] as well as Questionnaire of Adverse Childhood Experiences (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and convergent validity of 0.91 and 0.87) ... [27, 28]. Due to the corona status, data collection method was performed in two parts; the first part consisted of collecting demographic information of the samples and the second part included the questionnaires which were designed and made using Porsall online in the context of cyberspace the links of which were provided to students. Ethical Permissions The present study with the ethics code of IR.ARUMS.REC.1399.425 has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed via structural equation modeling method in SPSS 25 software. In this subscale analysis, depression-suicidal ideation was measured as a dependent variable, rumination and belongingness as mediating variables, and childhood experiences as a predictor variable. The fitness of the research measurement model was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 24 software. Finding by Text 22 questionnaires out of 650 questionnaires, were discarded due to incompleteness and the response rate was 96%. Using the distance (Mahalanobis) with a confidence level of 0.95%, 28 more questionnaires were discarded and finally 600 questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. In the present study, 139 (23.2%) participants were male and 461 (76.8%) were female (Table 1). The mean scores of the studied indicators were examined (Table 2). The relationship between childhood experiences with rumination and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation was statistically significant and positive. Also, the relation between childhood experiences and the mediating variable of belongingness was significant and inverse. The relationships between the mediating variables of rumination and belongingness with symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation were also respectively positive and negative, which were statistically significant (Table 3; p <0.01). Tolerance statistic and variance inflation factor (VFI) were used to examine the collinearity which was optimal for each of the predictor variables. After examining the modeling assumptions, the model test path was performed to examine the proposed model. Due to the lack of fit in some indicators of the proposed model, it was modified with the data (Table 4). In order to improve the proposed model, the next step was to correlate the errors, add paths, or delete non-significant paths for optimal model fit. The results listed in Table 4 indicated a suitable fit of the conceptual model. Standard coefficients of direct paths were obtained. According to Table 5, the path coefficient between childhood experiences and rumination as with the symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation subscale was positive (p <0.001). The path coefficient between childhood experiences and belongingness (support) was negative (p <0.001). Also, between belongingness and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation, the path coefficient was negative (p <0.001) and the path coefficient between rumination and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation was positive (p <0.05). Intermediate pathways were examined using the Bootstrap method. The upper and lower limits of belongingness and rumination in relation between childhood experiences and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation subscale did not include zero, so these variables had mediating roles in the relationship between childhood experiences and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation subscale (Table 6). Figure 2 shows the final pattern of the present study with standard coefficients. Factor loads of all markers were higher than 0.30 and all of them had the necessary power to measure the variables of the present study (Figure 2). Main Comparison to the Similar Studies The results showed that the unpleasant experiences of childhood led to the creation of a subscale of symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation in young people while rumination and belongingness played mediating roles. This finding is in line with some previous studies [13-17]. These studies have shown that suicide includes the element of innate and acquired readiness and includes the interrelation between these two elements. Accordingly, those who commit suicide develop self-abusive behaviors under the influence of factors such as a sense of thwarted belongingness and loneliness. Negative thinking patterns such as rumination also reinforce emotional disorders and ultimately increase suicidal ideation [14]. Various studies have supported the role of emotions in suicidal ideation and tendencies [11]. ... [26]. Sexual and emotional abuse, neglect and physical abuse in childhood can affect cognition and reinforce negative thoughts such as thwarted belongingness and rumination that cause depression, and this depression eventually leads to suicide [18]. According to research, people with a history of suicide also have a higher score on childhood trauma [29]. Chronic and severe dysphoric emotions include paranoid and transient experiences, impulsivity in the form of self-abusive behaviors, suicide threats, and suicide attempts [30]. Limitations The present study had some limitations, including; limitation of the study related to a thwarted belongingness scale, lack of recollection of certain events by respondents or unwillingness to reveal a problem, as well as the use of a cross-sectional research design in a sample of students. Suggestions Redoing this study in a clinical sample will help to evaluate the results of the study in diverse and at-risk populations. To determine the nature and repetition of this interaction, research is needed to determine whether these three structures interact with each other in a way that increases the symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation predicted by interpersonal theory. An important direction for future research is to elucidate how different types of risk factors and protective factors are associated with each other to develop the suicidal behaviors. One of the main areas for future research is the need to develop a comprehensive scale of childhood abuse experiences. Conclusions The results of this study support the relationship between childhood experiences and symptoms of depression-suicidal ideation mediated by a sense of thwarted belongingness and rumination. Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine Identifying the causes and contexts of high-risk behaviors can be a good help to the police field. Acknowledgments We thank all the participants of the present study and those who helped us in this research. Conflict of Interest The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study. Funding Sources The present study had no financial support

A structural test of the three‐step theory (3ST) of suicide in the Iranian population: From ideation to action

Abstract Background and Aims Suicide is one of the leading causes of death, especially in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to perform a structural test of the three‐step theory (3ST) of suicide in the Iranian population. Methods The research population included Iranian people over 18 years of age. The participants were 600 persons selected through convenience sampling. The data in this study were collected using the Suicide Attempt Questionnaire, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Impulsiveness Scale, the Depressive Symptom‐Suicidality Subscale, ACSSACSS‐Fearlessness About Death, the Psychache Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Suicide Capacity Scale. Results Data analysis showed that pain and positive helplessness (β = 0.45; p < 0.05) positively interact with suicidal behavior. Moreover, pain and negative helplessness significantly interact with suicidal ideation (β = 0.65; p < 0.001). The data also showed that the absence of interpersonal needs plays a protective role. A comparison of the three suicidal capacity factors indicated that only the practical capacity differentiates the ideation and action subgroups. Conclusions The insights from this study provide a clear picture of the underlying causes of suicidal ideation and behavior and can help counselors and other human health professionals working with people with suicidal thoughts and behavior to prevent suicide attempts. Following functional models, they can also make serious efforts to perform therapeutic interventions to eliminate or reduce suicidal thoughts and feelings

Analysis of dysfunctional communication beliefs of women with marital conflict based on lived experience

Background: Research has shown that many adverse reactions and problems in couples are caused by dysfunctional communication beliefs. However, despite the importance of this concept in identifying the components of dysfunctional communication beliefs of couples, there is a research gap in the study population. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the dysfunctional communication beliefs of women with conflicting couples. Methods: The present study was conducted by qualitative method and descriptive phenomenology. The study population consisted of all women with marital conflict in Tehran who had been referred to counseling centers in1400 for their conflict problem, and Sampling was performed by purposive sampling method. Nineteen people were selected and studied through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Colaizzi seven-step method. Results: In this study, 4 main themes, and 11 sub-themes. The first main theme is the interpersonal relationship of the couple (emotional relationship, destructive behavior, irrational expectations, differences of opinion and taste, sex and financial issues, and personality factors), and the second main theme is the relationship with the main family (spouse family, behavioral patterns of spouse and family), The third theme was gender issues (dual views on gender maps, gender labels, and gender stereotypes) and the last major theme was legal issues. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, in the fields of interpersonal relationships of couples, relationships with the main family, gender issues, and legal issues, ineffective communication assistants for women were identified

The Study of the Differences of Attention Bias, Executive Functioning, and Reaction Time of Amphetamine Consumers in Comparison of Non Consumers

Aim: Addiction to opium can be resulted to different effects. Current research designed in order to comprise if neuro-psychological functions among Amphetamine consumers and normal people. Method: Research design was causal-comparative design which performed in consumers and normal people. Research population was all opium consumers of Bahar city. Addict group included of 33 Amphetamine consumers who were referred to Baharestan addiction withdrawal center by snowball sampling. The comparison group included 39 normal people that matched with addict group with consideration of age, sex, education. All samples were studied by technical management of center and by using of perceptual diagnostic tests. Wisconsin cards, reaction time tests (simple, diagnostic, and selective) and attention bias (Stroop) was used. Results: the results of the research indicated that Amphetamine consumers were significantly different with normal people in consideration of error number, but there wasn’t significant difference on error in Wisconsin test. In reaction time Amphetamine consumers had least reaction time and highest number of errors, in three states. In simple trial there weren’t significant difference, but two groups were significant different in selective and diagnostic trial on time and number of errors. Also, there wasn’t significant difference on attention bias with consideration of error, but there was significant difference with consideration of time. Conclusion: on the basis of results it can be claimed Amphetamine consumption can be affected on neuro-cognitive functions. Identifying and understanding of these factors can be useful in better understanding of problem, and can be led to different therapeutic treatment

Overexpression of DDIT4 and TPTEP1 are associated with metastasis and advanced stages in colorectal cancer patients: a study utilizing bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation

Abstract Background Various diagnostic and prognostic tools exist in colorectal cancer (CRC) due to multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations causing the disease. Today, the expression of RNAs is being used as prognostic markers for cancer. Methods In the current study, various dysregulated RNAs in CRC were identified via bioinformatics prediction. Expression of several of these RNAs were measured by RT-qPCR in 48 tissues from CRC patients as well as in colorectal cancer stem cell-enriched spheroids derived from the HT-29 cell line. The relationships between the expression levels of these RNAs and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results Our bioinformatics analysis determined 11 key mRNAs, 9 hub miRNAs, and 18 lncRNAs which among them 2 coding RNA genes including DDIT4 and SULF1 as well as 3 non-coding RNA genes including TPTEP1, miR-181d-5p, and miR-148b-3p were selected for the further investigations. Expression of DDIT4, TPTEP1, and miR-181d-5p showed significantly increased levels while SULF1 and miR-148b-3p showed decreased levels in CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Positive relationships between DDIT4, SULF1, and TPTEP1 expression and metastasis and advanced stages of CRC were observed. Additionally, our results showed significant correlations between expression of TPTEP1 with DDIT4 and SULF1. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated increased expression levels of DDIT4 and TPTEP1 in CRC were associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and more advanced stages of the disease. The positive correlations between TPTEP1 as non-coding RNA and both DDIT4 and SULF1 suggest a regulatory effect of TPTEP1 on these genes