4,530 research outputs found
Percolation on hyperbolic lattices
The percolation transitions on hyperbolic lattices are investigated
numerically using finite-size scaling methods. The existence of two distinct
percolation thresholds is verified. At the lower threshold, an unbounded
cluster appears and reaches from the middle to the boundary. This transition is
of the same type and has the same finite-size scaling properties as the
corresponding transition for the Cayley tree. At the upper threshold, on the
other hand, a single unbounded cluster forms which overwhelms all the others
and occupies a finite fraction of the volume as well as of the boundary
connections. The finite-size scaling properties for this upper threshold are
different from those of the Cayley tree and two of the critical exponents are
obtained. The results suggest that the percolation transition for the
hyperbolic lattices forms a universality class of its own.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Anomalous response in the vicinity of spontaneous symmetry breaking
We propose a mechanism to induce negative AC permittivity in the vicinity of
a ferroelectric phase transition involved with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
This mechanism makes use of responses at low frequency, yielding a high gain
and a large phase delay, when the system jumps over the free-energy barrier
with the aid of external fields. We illustrate the mechanism by analytically
studying spin models with the Glauber-typed dynamics under periodic
perturbations. Then, we show that the scenario is supported by numerical
simulations of mean-field as well as two-dimensional spin systems.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Re-exploration of subjective well-being determinants: Full-model approach with extended cross-contextual analysis
Despite the numerous studies on the determinants of subjective wellbeing (SWB), there are still under-researched areas as follows: a full-model approach allowing un-confounded and robust estimations, extension of cross-contextual approaches, and an account of recent changes in Hofstede value dimensions. The present study aims to overcome those limitations with analyses of 59 countries from 1981 to 2013, rendering the following main findings. Individual education’s effect was methodologically affected by the reference category level of dummy variables. I found weak influence of GPRGE (governance, political rights, and gender equality) and individualism, which were associable with the ambivalent nature of intellectual autonomy. Regarding cross-contextual effects, I found that people from underdeveloped societies keep more to current pleasure, and that demand for welfare is higher in affluent and individualistic societies. A culture of uncertainty avoidance reduced the effect of national employment, because of its demotivating aspects in the workplace. Overall, variables related with hedonism, social relation, and wealth showed coherently strong effects, but social progress factors had weak relevance.Keywords: life satisfaction, happiness, robust effects, cross-contextual approach, Hofstede value dimensions, social qualit
End-of-Life Management of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module
PV manufacturing has been growing over the past 10 years and further annual growth of 15% is expected until 2020. A study on positioning a grand plan for solar power shows how vast PV arrays and other renewable energies can provide significant amount of electricity and total energy needs by 2050. Various new PV technologies have been introduced in the market and existing technologies have undergone further development. How all these developments will affect the fate of the end-of-life PV modules is uncertain. In addition, the market price of some rare earth materials utilized in the manufacturing of the various PV technologies has exponentially increased in the past five years. Therefore, it is necessary to set a proactive strategic recycling plan for the treatment of the disposed PV wastes
Residual discrete symmetry of the five-state clock model
It is well-known that the -state clock model can exhibit a
Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition if is equal to or greater than a
certain threshold, which has been believed to be five. However, recent
numerical studies indicate that helicity modulus does not vanish in the
high-temperature phase of the five-state clock model as predicted by the KT
scenario. By performing Monte Carlo calculations under the fluctuating twist
boundary condition, we show that it is because the five-state clock model does
not have the fully continuous U(1) symmetry even in the high-temperature phase
while the six-state clock model does. We suggest that the upper transition of
the five-state clock model is actually a weaker cousin of the KT transition so
that it is that exhibits the genuine KT behavior.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figure
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