Effect of Chromium (VI) on the Oxidation of Methylene Blue Dye by Fe3O4/ Chitosan Composite

لا تزال إزالة ايونات المعادن الثقيلة من أنظمة معالجة مياه الصرف الصناعي صعبة لأنها تحتوي على ملوثات عضوية. في هذه الدراسة، تم استخدام الهلاميات المائية المركبة الوظيفية مع نشاط تفاعل فنتون لتحلل الملوثات العضوية. تشكل جزيئات أوكسيد الحديد الثلاثي والكيتوسان والمواد الأخرى الهيدروجيل. العوامل المحتلفة التي أثرت على نشاط فنتون الضوئي. تشمل الأس الهيدروجيني وتركيز بيروكسيد الهيدروجين ودرجة الحرارة وفترة التعرض. تم استخدام مجهر القوة الذرية (AFM) لفحص مورفولوجيا المركب ومتوسط قطره. وجد انه بعد  60 دقيقة  من التعرض للأشعة الفوق البنفسجية، تسبب المتراكب المحضر في تدهور صبغة المثيل الأزرق بنسبة  92%  في غضون ذلك، بعد ساعة واحدة من الإشعاع، انخفضت نسبة الطلب على الأوكسجين  (COD)لتحطيم المحتوى الكاربوني إلى   6.1  ملغم/لتر .                                                                                                      Heavy metal ion removal from industrial wastewater treatment systems is still difficult because it contains organic contaminants. In this study, functional composite hydrogels with photo Fenton reaction activity were used to decompose organic contaminants. Fe3O4 Nanoparticle, chitosan (CS), and other materials make up the hydrogel. There are different factors that affected Photo-Fenton activity including (pH, H2O2 conc., temp., and exposure period). Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the composite and its average diameter (AFM). After 60 minutes of exposure to UV radiation, CS/ Fe3O4 hydrogel composite had degraded methylene blue (M.B.) dye by 92 percent. In the meantime, following an 1hour of visible irradiation, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) dropped to 6.1 mg/l

Degradation of Brilliant Green by Using a bentonite Clay- Based Fe Nano Composite Film as a Heterogeneous Photo- Fenton Catalyst.

This paper aims to study the chemical degradation of Brilliant Green in water via photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) and Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) reaction. Fe- B nano particles are applied as incrustation in the inner wall surface of reactor. The data form X- Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that Fe- B nanocomposite catalyst consist mainly of SiO2 (quartz) and Fe2O3 (hematite) crystallites. B.G dye degradation is estimated to discover the catalytic action of Fe- B synthesized surface in the presence of UVC light and hydrogen peroxide. B.G dye solution with 10 ppm primary concentration is reduced by 99.9% under the later parameter 2ml H2O2, pH= 7, temperature =25°C within 10 min. It is clear that pH of the solution affects the photo- catalytic degradation of B.G dye. All the conditions above have been studied to reach the optimum operation condition for the two processes Fenton and photo- Fenton. The B.G degradation process follows first- order reaction rules. Photo- Fenton process causes a more efficient oxidation rate than the Fenton process. So, the photo- Fenton degradation is an effective and economic process by producing higher percentage of degradation and mineralization in short radiation time

Anodizing of aluminum 6061 alloy with incorporated nanoparticles to inhibits the aluminum corrosion

In this work, Aluminum alloy 6061 (A6061) was modified by Anodizing and incorporating with ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to improve its corrosion-resistant. The titanium sheet was used as a counter electrode and the DC voltage reach 20 mV while the anodizing solution was 20% H2SO4 while the H2SO4 was mixed with the two Oxide nanoparticle to incorporate the AA6061 surface. Anodizing and incorporation with (ZnO and Fe3O4) NPS were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of anodized and incorporated surface was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modified A6061 by Anodizing and nanoparticle incorporation revealed a good corrosion protection efficiency even at temperatures ranging (298-328) K in a saline medium. Where the corrosion current density increase with the increase in temperature. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor (kinetic parameters) were calculated and discussed. Also, thermodynamic values ?G* and ?H* were calculated

Anesthetic Technique in Iraqi Women Patients with Hysterectomy

Background: There is a high rate of postoperative pain with a high index in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Objective: To determine the role of anesthetic technique for Iraqi patients who are undergoing to hysterectomy. Patients and methods: This paper presents a cross-sectional study that examined the impact of anesthesia on patients who underwent hysterectomy by Laparoscopic. The study analysed the basic demographic characteristics and outcomes of women aged 35-60 before, during, and after surgery. Data were collected from hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, between March 16th, 2022, and July 9th, 2023. The study analysed clinical outcomes from 81 current cases involving intraoperative use of two types of anesthesia: spinal (48) and general anesthesia (33). The data was divided into two groups, with the first group comprising 48 patients receiving spinal anesthesia with morphine and the second group receiving general anesthesia. Results: We diagnosed women's diseases and found that the prevalence of ovarian cancer was 37.3% in patients with general anesthesia, compared to 37.7% in patients with spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative intravenous sufentanil was administered to (40 ± 21) patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia and to (49 ± 21) patients under general anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in Crystalloids administered between the two groups; patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia received (1588 ± 515) mL, while patients under general anaesthesia received (1606 ± 651) mL. Morphine was used by eight patients (16.67%) in the spinal anaesthesia group, compared to only two patients (6%) in the general anaesthesia group. The incidence of ketamine use in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia was found to be 4.17% (n=2) compared to 3.03% (n=1) in patients receiving general anaesthesia. Albumin was utilised in 12.5% (n=6) of patients receiving spinal anaesthesia; conversely, only one patient in the general anaesthesia group received Albumin. Conclusion: General anaesthesia was deemed an optimal treatment for female patients undergoing hysterectomy, as those who received this type of anaesthesia experienced a superior standard of postoperative recuperation

Exploring the Role of Anesthesia in total joint arthroplasty.

Background Total joint arthroplasty surgery is a commonly performed elective orthopaedic procedure worldwide, which has been shown to improve quality of life. Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the efficacy of general anaesthesia versus neuraxial anaesthesia on patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (knee and hip). Patients and methods, We identified 126 patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty (knee and hip) between 15th June 2022 and 8th March 2023. Our study aimed to define the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients aged 50-70 years, both male and female. We presented the effects of pre-operative comorbidities on patients during and after surgery. Clinical examinations were conducted on patients who underwent left or right lateral surgeries. Anaesthesia types used during the surgeries were determined, including general and neuraxial anaesthetics. Pain scores (MME) were recorded post-surgery. A comparison was made between general anaesthesia (45 cases) and neuraxial anaesthesia (81 cases) during and after surgery. Our data was organized and analysed using the SPSS software. Results and discussion, it was discovered that the majority of patients aged over 60 underwent knee and hip surgeries, with 64.3% of these patients being men and 35.7% women. Additionally, 105 patients were found to have suffered from obesity. Clinical outcomes indicated the types of surgeries performed on the knee and hip. Of the patients involved, 81 underwent knee surgery (64.3%) and 45 underwent hip surgery (35.7%). The study analysed the length of hospital stay for 126 patients and found that those under Neuraxial anaesthesia had a longer stay (177.64 ± 12.86) compared to patients under general anaesthesia (129.86 ± 8.56). Additionally, the study identified mortality rates after surgery, with four patients (5%) under Neuraxial anaesthesia and ten patients (22.22%) under general anaesthesia experiencing mortality. Conclusion Neuraxial anesthesia was considered a perfect optional treatment to improve clinical patients’ outcomes of total hip or knee joint arthroplasty surgery over than general anesthesia

Highly active bifunctional LaMO3 (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media

Lanthanum based electrocatalytically active perovskites, LaMO3 (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), were synthesized using a single step solution combustion synthesis technique. The perovskites showed exceptional performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Based on the experimental results and literature survey, it is suggested that the exceptional activity of Mn and Co based lanthanum perovskite catalyst could be due to the optimum stabilization of reaction intermediates involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) of ORR/OER. According to crystal field theory (CFT), the d-orbital of transition metals are affected by the octahedral arrangement of six negative charges around it. The d orbital degenerates by splitting into two high energy (eg) and three lower energy orbitals (t2g) while maintaining the same average energy level [1]. The rate-determining step in the ORR/OER reaction that based on the eg orbital filling of B site transition metal cations If the d-electrons are less, the valence state goes up and lowering the eg orbital filling that results in strong adsorption of oxygenated species on the B site (strong B-OH bond) [2]. This strong bonding limits the overall reaction rate by the slow desorption of OH and its derivatives during ORR/OER. Similarly, too high eg filling causes weak adsorption of oxygenated species that limits the reaction through the slow adsorption of reactants. Therefore, to enhance the activity of ORR/OER reaction it is required to balance the adsorption and desorption of the reactants and the intermediate respectively. The better way is to optimize the eg orbital filling to be nearly 1 (eg = 1).Based on the experimental results and literature survey, it is suggested that the exceptional activity of Mn and Co based lanthanum perovskite catalyst could be due to the optimum stabilization of reaction intermediates involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) of ORR and OER [3]

Spectroscopic, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and molecular docking of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with (E)-4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-((4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenol ligand

New ligand (E)-4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-((4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenol (HDmazo) was prepared by the coupling reaction between 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-amine and 4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenol. Moreover, the [MCl2(HDmazo)] and [M(HDmazo)2] [MII = Pd and Pt] were prepared using the direct reaction of equivalent molar of HDmazo and Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4. The HDmazo and its complexes were investigated by different spectroscopic techniques. In complexes (1–2) HDmazo ligand behaves as bidentate style through the nitrogen of azo group and nitrogen of thiazole ring towards Pd(II) and Pt(II). Or in a bidentate fashion via the oxygen atom of the hydroxylate group and nitrogen atom of azo group as mono-anion in complexes (3–4). Further, the study of biological activity against four pathogenic bacteria showed that compound (3) exhibited good activity compared to other compounds. Additional the anti-tumor action against A2870 cell lines was screened, and the complexes (1) and (2) displayed good activity with 7.45 ± 0.98 µM and 13.23 ± 1.43 µM, respectively. The binding mechanism of the prepared compounds with EGFR tyrosine kinase, was investigated using molecular docking experiments

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception towards COVID-19 among Medical Students in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Numerous measures have been taken to slow the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapid spread. Such population control techniques may have a substantial impact on people’s attitudes, knowledge, and perception of COVID-19. This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Hadhramout University Medical Students in Yemen from 15 June to 26 June 2020. This survey was performed using social media via the Google Platform among 422 Hadhramout University Medical students. After consenting, participants completed an online survey assessing sociodemographic data, 21 knowledge items, 15 attitudes items, and 5 perception items towards COVID-19. Of the total 422 participants, 389 (92.18%) were surveyed online, and 256 (65.8%) were females, and 133 (34.2%) were males aged 19-24 years (88.7%), studying medicine (58.9%), and living in urban areas (80.7%). The survey revealed that 64.0% of participants had good knowledge about the disease and 52.7% had positive attitudes towards protective measures against the virus. The majority of participants (98.2%) thought that the virus was transmitted through nasal droplets, and 59.6% agreed that the disease is dangerous. The majority of participants agreed that fever (99.2%), dry cough (97.9%), and difficulty breathing (99.5%) are the most common symptoms of the disease. The survey also showed high knowledge levels about preventive measures against the virus spreading, such as regular proper hand hygiene (99.7%), maintaining an appropriate distance (99.2%), avoiding touching eyes and nose (98.7%), and wearing facemasks in public places (97.4%). Moreover, 69.7% of participants agreed to be isolated at home if they got an infected person, 64.3% implemented washing hands with soap and water, 41.9% agreed to be separated at the hospital until they proved free from the disease, 46.0% agreed to inform the health authorities if they had any symptoms associated with the disease. By using sample T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean knowledge score about COVID-19 was significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.029). Additionally, medicine students had significantly higher mean knowledge score than students of medical laboratory (p p = 0.008). In general, our research revealed that participants had favorable opinions regarding the disease’s preventative measures and a good awareness of it. However, more educational initiatives and campaigns that take into account KAP modifying elements are needed

Single or combined consumption of resveratrol and the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuate the effects of crowding stress on growth, immune characteristics, and antioxidant defense in the common carp, (Cyprinus carpio)

In the present study, dietary resveratrol (RE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) were individually or combined added to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to protect against crowding stress. Fish (30.16 ± 0.7; Mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to seven groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LAB with a concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/g, T3: LAB with a concentration of 3 × 107 CFU/g, T4: 300 mg resveratrol/kg, T5: 600 mg resveratrol/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and T7: 3 × 107 CFU/g + 600 mg resveratrol/kg. After 60 days feeding, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase, protease and lipase were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and 1.5 × 107 CFU/g diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2 and T6 groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when were compared with the control before crowding stress (P < 0.05). After crowding stress challenge, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2 and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Also, recovered fish in the control group demonstrated significantly declined levels of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and higher levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH as compared to other group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RE and LAB effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as protected common carp against crowding stress