Synergetic Control of a Hybrid Battery-Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System

This chapter presents a synergy-based cascade control scheme for a hybrid battery-ultracapacitor (UC) energy storage system. The purpose is to improve the dynamic response of the battery-based energy storage system using an ultracapacitor module as an auxiliary energy storage unit. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is designed to interface between the ultracapacitor module and the main DC-bus. The control scheme is based on a fast inner current control loop using sliding mode control and an outer loop for DC-bus voltage regulation using synergy-based control. The improvement in performance is demonstrated through simulation and experiments. The results show that the DC-bus voltage is well regulated under external load disturbances with fast dynamic transients. The ultracapacitor module is able to absorb the sudden load variations and limit the battery power requirements by maintaining an optimal power balance between the two embedded storage units. The performance of the proposed synergy-based controller is compared with the standard PI controller, and its ability to achieve optimal transient performance is verified

Spinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase Level Differentiates between Structural and Metabolic Etiologies of Altered Mental Status in Children

How to Cite This Article: Khosroshahi N, Alizadeh P, Khosravi M, Salamati P, Kamrani K. Spinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase Level Differentiates between Structural and Metabolic Etiologies of Altered Mental Status in Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015 Winter;9(1):31-36.AbstractObjectiveAltered mental status is a common cause of intensive care unit admission inchildren. Differentiating structural causes of altered mental status from metabolic etiologies is of utmost importance in diagnostic approach and management of the patients. Among many biomarkers proposed to help stratifying patients with altered mental status, spinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase appears to be the most promising biomarker to predict cellular necrosis.Materials & MethodsIn this cross sectional study we measured spinal fluid level of lactatedehydrogenase in children 2 months to 12 years of age admitted to a single center intensive care unit over one year. Spinal fluid level of lactate dehydrogenase in 40 pediatric cases of febrile seizure was also determined as the control group.ResultsThe study group included 35 boys (58.3%) and 25 girls (41.7%). Their meanage was 2.7+/-3 years and their mean spinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase levelwas 613.8+/-190.4 units/liter. The control group included 24 boys (55.8%) and19 girls (44.2%). Their mean age was 1.3+/-1.2 years and their mean spinalfluid lactate dehydrogenase level was 18.9+/-7.5 units/liter. The mean spinalfluid lactate dehydrogenase level in children with abnormal head CT scan was246.3+/-351.5 units/liter compared to 164.5+/-705.7 in those with normal CTscan of the head (p=0.001).ConclusionSpinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase level is useful in differentiating structural andmetabolic causes of altered mental status in children. ReferencesFesk SK. Coma and confusional states: emergency diagnosis and management. Neurol Clin 1998; 16: 237- 56.Cucchiara BL, Kanser SE, Wolk DA, et al. Early impairment in consciousness Predicts mortality after hemispheric ischemic stroke. Crit care med 2004; 32: 241-5.Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet 1974; 2: 81-4.Wityk RJ, Stern BJ. Ischemic stroke: today and tomorrow. Crit care med 1994; 22: 1278-93.Vázquez Jorge Alejandro, Adducci Maria del Carmen, Monzón Daniel Godoy, Iserson Kenneth V. Lactic dehyrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid may differentiate between structural and non-strucfiular central nervous system lesion in patient with diminished levels of consciousness. The Journal of Emergency Medicine2009; 37(1): 93–97.Kärkelä J, Pasanen M, Kaukinen S, Mörsky P, Harmoinen A. Evaluation of hypoxic brain injury with spinal fluid enzymes, lactate, and pyruvate. Crit Care Med. 1992 Mar; 20(3):378-86. 2007: pp. 835. ISBN 0-7817-7087-4.DV Kamat, BP Chakravorty. Comparative values of CSF-LDH isoenzymes in neurological disorders. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 1999; 53 (1): 1-6.Pollak AN, Gupton CL. Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured. Boston: Jones and Bartlett 2002: pp. 140. ISBN 0-7637-1666-9.Nayak BS, Bhat R. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase and glutamine in meningitis. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan; 49(1):108-10.A Twijnstra, A P van Zanten, A A Hart, et al. al. Serial lumbar and ventricle cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase activities in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid and haematological tumours. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987 50: 313-320.Nussinovitch M, Finkelstein Y, Politi K, Harel D, Klinger G, Razon Y, Nussinovitch U, Nussinovitch N. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in children with bacterial and aseptic meningitis. Translational Research 2009. 154 (4): 214-218.Feldman William E. Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase Activity. Levels in Untreated and Partially Antibiotic-Treated Meningitis. Am J Dis Child. 1975; 129(1): 77-80.Lutsar I, Haldre S, Topman M, Talvik T. Enzymatic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with infections ofthe central nervous system. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83(11):1146-1150.Kepa L, Oczko-Grzesik B, Błedowski D. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with purulent, bacterial meningoencephalitis. Przegl Epidemiol. 2006; 60(2):291-8.Ruzak-Skocir B, Trbojevic-Cepe M. Study of serum and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases. Neurologija. 1990; 39(4):239-50.Nand N, Sharma M, Saini DS. Evaluation of lactic dehydrogenase in cases of meningitis. Indian J Med Sci. 1993; 47(4): 96-100.Neches William, Platt Martin. Cerebrospinal Fluid LDH in 287 Children, Including 53 Cases of Meningitis of Bacterial and non-Bacterial Etiology. Pediatrics 1968; 41:1097-1103.Engelke S; Bridgers S, Saldanha R, Trought W. Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase in Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1986; 291 (6): 391-395.Parakh N, Gupta HL, Jain A. Evaluation of enzymes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of stroke. Neurology India 2002; 50 (4): 518-9.Lampl Y, Paniri Y, Eshel Y, Sarova-Pinhas I. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in early stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 1990; 21: 854-857.Hall Robert T., Kulkarni Prakash B., Sheehan Michael B., Rhodes Philip G. Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase in Infants with Perinatal Asphyxia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1980. 22 (3): 300-307.Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Finkelstein Y, Amir J, Harel D. Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid associated with hydrocephalus. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90: 972-974

Prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children aged below 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Wasting and underweight are the 2 main indicators of children’s undernutrition. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition at the national level in Iran. Methods We performed a search for original articles published in international and Iranian databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran during January 1989–August 2017. Seven keywords, in English and Persian, including malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition, growth disorders, underweight wasting, weight loss, children below 5 years old, and children, were used to search the databases. Results Finally, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis, based on which the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children were estimated to be 11% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of underweight among children in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 24%, 5%, 20%, 17%, and 6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 9%, 4%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion Although the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iran was low, some parts of the country showed high prevalence. The main reason behind this difference in the prevalence of malnutrition may be due to the level of development in different regions

Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study

Objectives The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously

Microsoft Word - j_HN10121182752_2118_140520220312

ABSTRACT Advance in science and technology caused many changes in life, among them is alternation of life style which followed by many useful and harmful consequences. This article dealt with their disadvantages also studies the relation of mental and psychological problems with these models. This article attempts to study relationship between lifestyle and obesity. Research method was descriptive, library. Findings: researches conducted in order to identify relation of life quality components with health, showed that in adults with overweight or obesity; is related with life style quality, so that %48 percent of obesity variances were related to the psychological predicators like age, marital status, having blood fat, understanding stress related to solving problem, self esteem, drinking wine, and obstacles in eating healthy foods, also %13 and %15 of variances connected with physical predicators of life quality related to health which in general include similar factors like pain in body %6, general health %26, energy and freshness %40, social performance %32, emotional role %42 and mental health %46are introduced as in obesity predicators. Results of this study indicates that life style has important role in creating obesity and overweight, and those who are overweight should change their life style with healthier one, feeding, sport activities. Stress and occupation are among factors cause obesity and fatness, that must be highly cared. It has been suggested that fat people change their life style so that leads to health and losing weight

Effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance

Background: : Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is related to prediabetes, increased Rhoassociated kinase 2 (ROCK2) activity and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods: : In a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test, 42 obese men with prediabetes [mean±SD, age: 44.73 ± 3.30 years, body mass index (BMI): 33.22 ± 2.05 kg/m2 , HbA1c: 6.29% ± 0.75] were allocated into two randomized homogeneous groups: Aerobic training group (AT, n = 22) or control group (C, n = 20). Exercise group performed a moderate aerobic exercise program three sessions per week, 60 min per session for 12 weeks. Body mass, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B); HbA1c, hs-CRP, or ROCK2 activity were measured before and after the study period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA 2 × 2 and paired sample t-test at a significant level of p < 0.05. Results: : AT caused a significant reduction in body mass (p ≤ 0.001), BMI (p = 0.04), HOMA-B (p = 0.003), serum levels of FBG (p = 0.002), HbA1c (p = 0.039), hs-CRP (p ≤ 0.0001), and ROCK2 activity (p = 0.001). In contrast, in the same group, a significant increase was observed in VO2max (p = 0.04). Conclusion: : The results of this study showed that moderate aerobic exercise was an effective and safe method to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in obese men with prediabetes by improving glucose metabolism, reduction of body mass, ROCK2 activity and serum levels of hs-CRP.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Epidemiology of Burn Injuries in North East of Iran (2010-2015)

Introduction: Burns have impacts include medical, psychological, economic and social that involve patients and health care system. Epidemiologic factors of burns vary in different societies. While the effects of some burn variables on mortality rate, in similar circumstances, are expected to be universal. The present study was carried out to analyze the epidemiology, mortality, and current etiological factors of burn injuries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during a period of 6 years (from 2010 to 2015). Data were obtained by analysis of the medical records of patients hospitalized in the Imam Reza Burn Center in Mashhad, Iran. The data were recorded by the nurses and staffs in the burn ward. Results: In our study, 1334 in-hospital burn patients were recorded. The mean age was 27 ± 5.67 years. The most common Mechanism of burn was flame. The multivariable logistic regression modeling revealed, the most important risk factor of patient mortality were length of stay (LOS) (OR=1.009(95% CI: 1.001-1.018), age OR=0.9(95% CI: 0.96-0.97), sex OR=0.4(95% CI: 0.3-0.5), percentage of burn regarding body surface (BBS) OR=0.9(95% CI: 0.93-0.94),degree of burns OR=0.9(95% CI: 0.89-0.98). Conclusion: The results of our study revealed a high incidence of burns among >20 years old. Implement prevention programs should be designed for focusing chiefly on the domestic environment and the kinds of risks to which children are exposed in their everyday routine and parents, should also be educated about how to supply entertainment that would keep children away from risks

Geographic distribution of the incidence of colorectal cancer in Iran: a population-based study

OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the provincial distribution of the incidence of CRC across Iran. METHODS This epidemiologic study used data from the National Cancer Registry of Iran and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The average annual age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence of CRC was calculated for each province. RESULTS We found that adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) was the most common histological subtype of CRC in males and females, accounting for 81.91 and 81.95% of CRC cases, respectively. Signet ring cell carcinoma was the least prevalent subtype of CRC in males and females and accounted for 1.5 and 0.94% of CRC cases, respectively. In patients aged 45 years or older, there was a steady upward trend in the incidence of CRC, and the highest ASR of CRC incidence among both males and females was in the age group of 80-84 years, with an ASR of 144.69 per 100,000 person-years for males and 119.18 per 100,000 person-years for females. The highest incidence rates of CRC in Iran were found in the central, northern, and western provinces. Provinces in the southeast of Iran had the lowest incidence rates of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Wide geographical variation was found in the incidence of CRC across the 31 provinces of Iran. These variations must be considered for prevention and control programs for CRC, as well as for resource allocation purposes