Adaptive function chaining for efficient design of 5G Xhaul

Part 1: Regular PapersInternational audienceNext generation fronthaul interface has been recently proposed to support different functional splits in 5G access networks. Each split option is characterized by different requirements in terms of latency and bandwidth. The mapping of different functional splits on the nodes of 5G access network introduces several degrees of freedom in relation to the variation of the traffic during the day. This paper proposes a novel function location algorithm, which adopts dynamic function chaining in relation to the evolution of the traffic estimate. The obtained results show remarkable improvement in terms of bandwidth saving and multiplexing gain with respect to conventional C-RAN fronthaul and suggest design criteria for the emerging 5G access network

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This chapter describes lasers and other sources of coherent light that operate in a wide wavelength range. First, the general principles for the generation of coherent continuous-wave and pulsed radiation are treated including the interaction of radiation with matter, the properties of optical resonators and their modes as well as such processes as Q-switching and mode-locking. The general introduction is followed by sections on numerous types of lasers, the emphasis being on todayʼs most important sources of coherent light, in particular on solid-state lasers and several types of gas lasers. An important part of the chapter is devoted to the generation of coherent radiation by nonlinear processes with optical parametric oscillators, difference- and sum-frequency generation, and high-order harmonics. Radiation in the extended ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray ranges can be generated by free electron lasers (FEL) and advanced x-ray sources. Ultrahigh light intensities up to 1021 W/cm2 open the door to studies of relativistic laser–matter interaction and laser particle acceleration. The chapter closes with a section on laser stabilization