Comparative Studies on the Amylase and Cellulase Production of Aspergillus and Penicillium

Filamentous fungi are important due to their high enzymes production potential. Many enzymes produced by fungi have related to biotechnological applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this study was to collect and isolate Penicillium and Aspergillus species from different sources and examined for their ability to produce cellulase and amylase. Ten fungal isolates of genera, Aspergilus and Penicillium were examined for their ability to produce industrial important enzymes. All fungal isolates exhibited high DCZ/DFC ratio in cellulase and amylayes activity. It was also evident that starch and cellulose medium effected the fungal growth. Four Penicillium species viz. Penicillium janthinellum (IK-48), Penicillium melinii (IK-49) and Penicillium velutinum (IK- 51) and Penicillium waskmanii (IK- 50) showed the increased growth in starch and cellulose medium as compare to control. P. waskmanii (IK- 50) showed the highest growth stimulation in the cellulose and starch medium. This study contributes to catalogue local fungal isolated in Pakistan, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial potential of these microorganisms for enzymes and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with anti-microbial or anti-parasitic activities

Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic Filamentous Fungi

Filamentous fungi are important due to their high enzymes production potential. Many enzymes produced by fungi have related to biotechnological applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this study was to isolate filamentous fungi from different sources and to screen for amylases production potential. Fifteen fungal isolates of three genera, Aspergilus, Penicillium and Trichoderma were examined for their ability to produce amylase. All isolates exhibited enzymatic potential. Penicillium granulatum (FCBP1080), Aspergillus raperi (FCBP1007) and Aspergillus speluneus (FCBP1128) were hyper active in starch medium and showed the increased growth in starch medium as compare to control. This study contributes to catalogue local fungal isolated in Pakistan, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial enzymes potential of these microorganisms for and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with antimicrobial or anti-parasitic activities

Comparative antimicrobial activity of clove and fennel essential oils against food borne pathogenic fungi and food spoilage bacteria

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of essential oils obtained from fennel seeds (Feoniculum vulgare Mill) and clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) were studied by agar well dilution technique. Both essential oils (EOs) from fennel and clove exhibited pronounced and varying degrees of growth inhibition against fungal (86 to 39%) and bacterial pathogens (42 to 20%). Fennel oil depicted significant and greater fungitoxicity in case of three fungal strains Alternaria alternate (7.7, 3.8 cm) Fusarium oxysporum (5.9, 4.1 cm) and Aspergillus flavus (4.5, 3.7 cm) except two Aspergillus strains, Aspergillus acculeatus and Apergillus fumigatus where clove oil showed greater inhibition zone (5.5, 5.9 cm) (3.5, 3.7 cm) respectively. A. alternate was found to be most sensitive strain, which growth was suppressed up to 86% by fennel seeds oil. Bactericidal activity of culinary spices was evaluated against five food spoilage bacteria namely: Pseudomonas syringae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., and Aeromicrobium erythreum. Fennel oil was found fairly active against bacterial strains as compared to clove oil with highest antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (3.8 cm) and least against Gram negative bacteria E. coli (2.2 cm). The summarizing results from the present investigation showed that fennel seeds oil is a relatively stronger antimicrobial agent against broad range of pathogens as compared to clove oil, except in case of certain Aspergillus strains and E. coli.Key words: Food spoilage, anti-bacterial, pathogenic fungi, clove, fennel, essential oil

Isolation and Screening of Highly Cellulolytic Filamentous Fungi

A large number of microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose, only a few of these microorganisms produce significant quantities of enzymes capable of completely hydrolysing cellulose. Fungi are the main cellulase-producing microorganisms. In this purposed study, seventeen fungal species belonging to three genera i.e. Trichoderm , Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated from different sources, screened and compared for their ability to degrade cellulose. The plate screening assay recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) were used in the investigation. Cellulolytic fungi were evaluated after 7 days for the production of cellulolytic enzymes by staining with 1% Congo red. The diameter of clear zone on fungal plates, gave an approximate indication of cellulase activities. Fungal species were grouped as high and low celluloytic isolates on the basis of cellulase activity using Index of Relative Enzyme Activity (ICMC). Fungal species i.e. Trichoderm harzianum , Trichoderm viride , Trichoderm koningii , Aspergillus japonicus , Aspergillus nidulans ver. dentatus Penicillium lanosum , Penicillium expansum and Penicillium oxalicum gave the highest cellulase activity. Whereas, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus raperi , Aspergillus acculeatus , Aspergillus tamarri , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium simplicissimum showed least or no enzyme activity

Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic Filamentous Fungi

Filamentous fungi are important due to their high enzymes production potential. Many enzymes produced by fungi have related to biotechnological applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this study was to isolate filamentous fungi from different sources and to screen for amylases production potential. Fifteen fungal isolates of three genera, Aspergilus, Penicillium and Trichoderma were examined for their ability to produce amylase. All isolates exhibited enzymatic potential. Penicillium granulatum (FCBP1080), Aspergillus raperi (FCBP1007) and Aspergillus speluneus (FCBP1128) were hyper active in starch medium and showed the increased growth in starch medium as compare to control. This study contributes to catalogue local fungal isolated in Pakistan, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial enzymes potential of these microorganisms for and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with antimicrobial or anti-parasitic activities

Comparative Studies on the Amylase and Cellulase Production of Aspergillus and Penicillium

Filamentous fungi are important due to their high enzymes production potential. Many enzymes produced by fungi have related to biotechnological applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this study was to collect and isolate Penicillium and Aspergillus species from different sources and examined for their ability to produce cellulase and amylase. Ten fungal isolates of genera, Aspergilus and Penicillium were examined for their ability to produce industrial important enzymes. All fungal isolates exhibited high DCZ/DFC ratio in cellulase and amylayes activity. It was also evident that starch and cellulose medium effected the fungal growth. Four Penicillium species viz. Penicillium janthinellum (IK-48), Penicillium melinii (IK-49) and Penicillium velutinum (IK- 51) and Penicillium waskmanii (IK- 50) showed the increased growth in starch and cellulose medium as compare to control. P. waskmanii (IK- 50) showed the highest growth stimulation in the cellulose and starch medium. This study contributes to catalogue local fungal isolated in Pakistan, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial potential of these microorganisms for enzymes and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with anti-microbial or anti-parasitic activities

Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic Filamentous Fungi

Filamentous fungi are important due to their high enzymes production potential. Many enzymes produced by fungi have related to biotechnological applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this study was to isolate filamentous fungi from different sources and to screen for amylases production potential. Fifteen fungal isolates of three genera, Aspergilus, Penicillium and Trichoderma were examined for their ability to produce amylase. All isolates exhibited enzymatic potential. Penicillium granulatum (FCBP1080), Aspergillus raperi (FCBP1007) and Aspergillus speluneus (FCBP1128) were hyper active in starch medium and showed the increased growth in starch medium as compare to control. This study contributes to catalogue local fungal isolated in Pakistan, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial enzymes potential of these microorganisms for and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with antimicrobial or anti-parasitic activities

Isolation and Screening of Highly Cellulolytic Filamentous Fungi

A large number of microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose, only a few of these microorganisms produce significant quantities of enzymes capable of completely hydrolysing cellulose. Fungi are the main cellulase-producing microorganisms. In this purposed study, seventeen fungal species belonging to three genera i.e. Trichoderm, Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated from different sources, screened and compared for their ability to degrade cellulose. The plate screening assay recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) were used in the investigation. Cellulolytic fungi were evaluated after 7 days for the production of cellulolytic enzymes by staining with 1% Congo red. The diameter of clear zone on fungal plates, gave an approximate indication of cellulase activities. Fungal species were grouped as high and low celluloytic isolates on the basis of cellulase activity using Index of Relative Enzyme Activity (ICMC). Fungal species i.e. T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, A. japonicus, A. nidulans ver. dentatus P. lanosum, P. expansum and P. oxalicum gave the highest cellulase activity. Whereas, A. flavus, A. raperi, A. acculeatus, A. tamarri, A. niger, A. terreus, A. nidulans, P. citrinum and P. simplicissimum showed least or no enzyme activity

Effect of Penicillium extractsa on germination vigor in subsequent seedling growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Penicillium spp. are well known to produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival, as well as defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens. In this study, effects of culture filtrate of different Penicillium spp. were tested on tomato seeds. On the whole, presoaking of seeds in filtrates of the nine Penicillium isolates tested, significantly increased seed germination when compared with the control seeds. Cultural extracts of P. expensum and P. billi were highly effective in growth promotion up to 90%. It was also observed that P. implicatum and P. oxlalicam significantly enhanced the root growth in tomato seedling as compare to other species. In case of shoot length, P. verrucosum (3.38), P. granulatum (2.81) and P. implicatum (2.62) were effective. However P. implicatum was quite promising to increase shoot and root length in tomato seedlings. Where as P. simplicissimium and P. citrinum were leas effective on seedling growth. The plant growth promoting ability of Penicillium strains may help in growth permotion in other plants and crops. Penicillium spp. are already known for producing mycotoxin and enzymes. Plant growth promoting ability of Penicillium spp will open new aspects of research and investigations. The role of Penicillium spp. in tomato plant growth requires further exploration

Isolation and Screening of Highly Cellulolytic Filamentous Fungi

A large number of microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose, only a few of these microorganisms produce significant quantities of enzymes capable of completely hydrolysing cellulose. Fungi are the main cellulase-producing microorganisms. In this purposed study, seventeen fungal species belonging to three genera i.e. Trichoderm , Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated from different sources, screened and compared for their ability to degrade cellulose. The plate screening assay recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) were used in the investigation. Cellulolytic fungi were evaluated after 7 days for the production of cellulolytic enzymes by staining with 1% Congo red. The diameter of clear zone on fungal plates, gave an approximate indication of cellulase activities. Fungal species were grouped as high and low celluloytic isolates on the basis of cellulase activity using Index of Relative Enzyme Activity (ICMC). Fungal species i.e. Trichoderm harzianum , Trichoderm viride , Trichoderm koningii , Aspergillus japonicus , Aspergillus nidulans ver. dentatus Penicillium lanosum , Penicillium expansum and Penicillium oxalicum gave the highest cellulase activity. Whereas, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus raperi , Aspergillus acculeatus , Aspergillus tamarri , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium simplicissimum showed least or no enzyme activity