4 Kuwait Chapter

Abstract Focusing is on the needs of consumers of basic essentials marketing trends. This study explored the needs of consumers and consumer behavior analysis and prioritizes the factors that affect the process of finding the market's major tasks (Moon, minor, translated by Ardestani, 2005). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of packaging of the product on consumer willingness to buy gum industry. The present study was carried out on a sample of students of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, about 24,000 persons. Using a simple random sample of 400 questionnaires were distributed among the students finally 376 valid questionnaires were collected. Finally, the researcher concluded that the functional characteristics of the product packaging have an impact on the willingness of customers to purchase it. Keywords: Packaging, Product, Consumers' Willingness, Gum Industry Introduction: Since consumers are the focal point of all marketing activities, successful marketing begins with understanding how and why consumers behave. The study on the factors that influence consumer behavior and evaluate the impact of these factors on the behavior of acquiring knowledge and understanding of consumer behavior will be only then will marketers be able to provide a product that is more adapted to the needs and wants of consumers in other words to provide products that "meet the factors influencing consumer behavior" and provide them maximum satisfaction. These are all issues that marketers argue that if there is to know about consumer buying decision process, able to advertising messages and marketing strategies that are designed to make a good impression on the consumer. Basically, the effect is very important in understanding consumer behavior; this concept reflects the fact that consumer behavior is adaptive, meaning that consumers are matched to the situations around them. (Samadi, 2007, 117) Increasing globalization has forced organizations to review and redefinition of the things that will help them create competitive advantage. In an environment where the bombardment of ads, promotions and discounts, weekly or even daily basis is the output of the production line integration and quality products with amazing experiences, the importance of packaging issues are more revealed. Rethinking mechanisms of attention and it introduces an undeniable necessity. (Shayang 2004) Contemporaneously witnessed renewed emphasis on provide quality service and products to our customers. Since the demands and needs of our customers changed over time, providing high quality services and products and in accordance with customer demands require continuous tracking and responding to th

Cannabis sativa L. oil extract affects neuroinflammation, clinical score, and cannabinoid receptor-1 gene expression in C57bl/6 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative central nervous system disease derived by immune mechanisms, which ultimately results in clinical debilities. Numerous nutraceuticals have been cited to be effective in treatment of central nervous system complications. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Cannabis sativa L. seed oil on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Materials and Methods: Female C57bl/6 mice were assigned randomly into three groups (8 in each). Group-A received no myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), group B was immunized by MOG and treated with oil, while in group C animals were immunized and treated with normal saline. Clinical scores were recorded every other day throughout the study and after four weeks, all mice were sacrificed and spinal cords were incised for molecular and histopathological evaluations. Results: Significant differences were observed in mean clinical scores between control and experiment groups (P&lt;0.001). Cannabinoid receptor-1 gene expression increased significantly in treatment group (P&lt;0.001). Histopathologic evaluations also showed a significant decrease in overall infiltrated and vacuolated area and immune cells infiltration into the central nervous system in the treatment group (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Cannabis sativa L. oil extract administration alleviated inflammation and paralysis in animal model. Therefore, its oil extract might be useful in soothing inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. However, additional research might be required.</jats:p

Hazards Identification and risk assessment of medical equipment at the Kowsar hospital in Qazvin in 2016

Abstract Background and aim: In today's society, in which complex systems are often used, failure of a system or incidents can lead to disruptions at various levels, which is even considered as a threat to society and the environment. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the risks of medical equipment at the radiology department of Kowsar Medical Education Center in Qazvin. Maternal and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and descriptive-analytic study was conducted cross-sectional at Kowsar hospital in Qazvin. The authors initially reviewed authentic books and scientific articles and collected necessary information related to the research topic. Then, the responsible individuals and owners of data collection process were interviewed through direct observation method. The study setting consisted of all medical equipment at the Qazvin Kowsar hospital. Data gathering tools in this study were FMEA and PHA worksheets. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices using Excel software. Results: The results of this study conducted on fifty nine items of medical equipment at the Kowsar Hospital showed that the highest risk belonged to the X-ray tube of radiology and mammography devices with a RPN of 378. Centrifuge speedometer with a RPN of 16 revealed the lowest detected risk. Also, biological and electrical were the most and the least identified hazards, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the identified risks can be prevented by the personnel and risk management requires more attention in the use of medical devices to improve care quality and effectiveness. Keywords: Risks, Risk Assessment, Medical Equipment, FMEA, PHA

Hazards Identification and risk assessment of medical equipment at the Kowsar hospital in Qazvin in 2016

Abstract Background and aim: In today's society, in which complex systems are often used, failure of a system or incidents can lead to disruptions at various levels, which is even considered as a threat to society and the environment. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the risks of medical equipment at the radiology department of Kowsar Medical Education Center in Qazvin. Maternal and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and descriptive-analytic study was conducted cross-sectional at Kowsar hospital in Qazvin. The authors initially reviewed authentic books and scientific articles and collected necessary information related to the research topic. Then, the responsible individuals and owners of data collection process were interviewed through direct observation method. The study setting consisted of all medical equipment at the Qazvin Kowsar hospital. Data gathering tools in this study were FMEA and PHA worksheets. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices using Excel software. Results: The results of this study conducted on fifty nine items of medical equipment at the Kowsar Hospital showed that the highest risk belonged to the X-ray tube of radiology and mammography devices with a RPN of 378. Centrifuge speedometer with a RPN of 16 revealed the lowest detected risk. Also, biological and electrical were the most and the least identified hazards, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the identified risks can be prevented by the personnel and risk management requires more attention in the use of medical devices to improve care quality and effectiveness. Keywords: Risks, Risk Assessment, Medical Equipment, FMEA, PHA