A Systematic review on the impact of peer education on self-care behaviors of patients

Introduction: One-of-a-kind education methods that are effective in facilitating and improving health and creating an appropriate learning environment are peer education. The peer is a person belonging to the same social group that people believe in terms of their ability to resemble themselves and can have powerful impacts on learning. Use their experiences to provide an educational program to other peers who are in trouble and yet they do not have the necessary skills in the care and control of symptoms associated with the disease. Can be helpful in controlling disease and controlling disease. This systematic review study was conducted to determine the effect of peer education on self-care behaviors in patients. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review Using articles published in the last 25 years on the impact of peer education on patient self-care behaviors. It was conducted in English and Persian by searching articles in search engines, authoritative scientific sites and databases SID, Google Scholar, Embase, Sciencedirect, PubMed, Springer. In the first stage, 39 articles were found. Of these, 10 articles related to the topic published in the last 25 years were reviewed. Results: In this study, aimed at the effect of peer education on self-care behaviors of patients, ten articles were reviewed, the results of one of them, sponsored by peers in the self-care of patients with diabetes, showed that peer education led to increased self-care, proper use of medications and reducing the need for insulin in the peer group is more than controlled.Conclusion: The study showed that peer education seems to be an effective method for reducing anxiety in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Therefore, it is recommended to use this educational approach in cardiac surgery to educate patients. Also, the effect of peer education on self-care behaviors in diabetic patients is significant. In addition to the impact of this type of training on the diseases studied in this study, this type of education can be effective in many other diseases as an effective way. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method in further research to reduce anxiety, improve self-care behaviors, and so on in patients

A systematic review on the impact of empowerment in improving self-care behaviors and some other factors in diabetic patients

Introduction: Traditional education seems to be sufficient in meeting the needs related to knowledge of patients, However, by recognizing the impact of psychosocial issues and the environment on patients 'behavior, educational techniques were used to change patients' behavior. And the education approach to diabetic patients has changed, as well as the theory and research on diabetes was introduced. And the focus of the capacity building approach to adapt treatment to self-efficacy and empowerment was changed. Empowerment is a collaborative approach to diabetes care and patient education. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of empowerment in improving self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In order to achieve the aim of the study and to improve the accuracy of the study and its comprehensive understanding, this review study was conducted based on the Broome method. This method is carried out in three steps: searching for texts, evaluating data and analyzing data. So, in the search phase, postretrospective study texts are examined in four stages in terms of inclusion criteria. After obtaining the conditions for entry into the study, the content of the study is evaluated and at the end of the analysis of the data. Results: In this study, 12 articles were reviewed that showed that the empowerment approach of diabetic patients improves self-efficacy and self-care scores and reduces hemoglobin A1C, Improvement of general self-care behaviors, reduction of mean glycosylated hemoglobin and improvement of quality of life, blood glucose control, and so on. Conclusion: In researches done on the empowerment approach of diabetic patients, the importance of empowerment approach is confirmed by increasing control and self-care and improving some other factors in diabetic patients. Therefore, considering the importance of the concept of empowerment as an effective approach to supporting patients with diabetes, it is necessary to consider this approach in furtherresearch

Knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing students Dezful university of medical sciences towards evidence-based nursing in the second semester of the academic year 2017-2018

Introduction: Nowadays The health care systems around the world face many challenges and in many cases, health care is accompanied by many question Therefore, evidence-based practice, as an essential factor for improving health care is more emphasis.  This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of nursing students of Dezful university of medical sciences toward evidence-based nursing. Method: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the second semester of the academic year of 2017-2018 at the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Dezful university of medical sciences. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire "Knowledge, attitude and practice of undergraduate nursing students about evidence-based practice". Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software. Results: The results showed that knowledge and attitude toward evidence-based practice with access to medical evidence from the Internet (p = 0/001, r = 0/273) and journal clubs (p = 0/000, r = 0 / 306) and the use of reference books and referring to them (p = 0/000, r = 0/401), there is a statistically significant relationship (p=0/01, r=0/277). This means that the mean scores of knowledge and attitudes among students most in search of scientific evidence in various ways (internet and journal clubs and reference books), as well as easier access to evidence, were significantly higher than other students. Conclusion: Evidence-based nursing is a process that is Emphasis on the latest findings will take the best decisions in order to raise the quality of care. Therefore, it is better for students to become fully acquainted with this concept and learn it. although The students' attitudes toward evidence-based practice was moderate; But with proper planning educational reforms in the education of nursing students, can be an important step in the development and promotion of evidence-based practice picked up. &nbsp

Some influential factors on severity of diabetic foot ulcers and Predisposing of limb amputation: A 7-year study on diabetic patients

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease and a major global challenge that is the leading cause of death in the industrialized and developing world. Therefore, this study was performed on some influential factors on severity of diabetic foot ulcers and predisposing of limb amputation. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 4436 cases of diabetic patients admitted to Khatam-ol-Anbia hospital of Shoushtar from 2010 to 2016 were studied. The data in this study included three sections: demographic information, ulcer severity based on Wagner’s criterion, and clinical and laboratory data. Then data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: This study included 4436 patients with diabetes with a mean age of 54.36 ± 42.68 years. 421 patients (9.4 percent) had a history of diabetic foot ulcers. Also, 385 patients (8.6%) had a history of limb amputation. In this study, 596 patients (13.4%) had a history of smoking and the relationship between smoking and drug use with the severity of ulcer was significant (p = 0.006). In this study, in the majority of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (60.3%) had severity of ulcer based on Wagner’s criterion was second grade. In terms of bacteriology, 57.7% of the patients during the admission period had cultures of the ulcer site discharge, that the most commonly of mass in 26.7% of cases was Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the relationship between type of bacteria and severity of ulcer and limb amputation was significant (P <0.05), This means that the ulcers that had negative coagulase-staphylococcus bacteria, were higher the severe ulcer and amputations.  Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between type of bacteria and severity of ulcer and limb amputation was significant, this means that the ulcers that had negative coagulase-staphylococcus bacteria, were higher the severe ulcer and amputations. &nbsp

IL-23/IL-27 Ratio in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Breast Cancer

Background: Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-27 are two IL-12-related cytokines which their function may dramatically influence the inflammatory response to tumor development. IL-12 and IL-27 seem to have antagonistic roles with IL-23 in tumor site. In this study, IL-23 and IL-27 mRNA expressions were analyzed in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer and healthy volunteers using quantitative real-time PCR. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 women with breast cancer and 50 healthy ones. The total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood after lysis with ammonium chloride and TRizol reagent and the cDNA was synthesized. The expression of IL-23 and IL-27 gene transcripts was determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using Syber Green PCR Master Mix. Results: It is found that IL-23 and IL-27 transcripts had significantly higher expression in peripheral blood of patients compared with the healthy controls. The ratio of IL-23 transcript expression to IL-27 was 3.4 fold lower in the studied patients compared with the normal individuals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the over expression of IL-23 and IL-27 gene transcript in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients may be an immune response against tumor development and the inflammatory response plays a critical role in tumor development via up regulating the corresponding cytokines. However, the IL-23/IL-27 ratio may play an important role in cytokine-based immunotherapy against cancer. Further research should be carried out to assess these cytokines in a larger sample size

Antibiotic use during the first 6 months of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran : a large-scale multi-centre study

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Although antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, epidemiological studies have revealed that the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in the overuse of antibiotics and disruption of antimicrobial stewardship programmes. We investigated the pattern of antibiotic use during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran. METHODS: A multi‐centre retrospective study was designed to investigate the use of 16 broad‐spectrum antibiotics in 12 medical centres. The rate of antibiotic use was calculated and reported based on the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 hospital bed‐days. The bacterial co‐infection rate was also reported. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Totally, 43,791 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients were recruited in this study. It was found that 121.6 DDD of antibiotics were used per 100 hospital bed‐days, which estimated that each patient received approximately 1.21 DDDs of antibiotics every day. However, the bacterial co‐infections were detected only in 14.4% of the cases. A direct correlation was observed between the rate of antibiotic use and mortality (r[142] = 0.237, p = 0.004). The rate of antibiotic consumption was not significantly different between the ICU and non‐ICU settings (p = 0.15). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: In this study, widespread antibiotic use was detected in the absence of the confirmed bacterial coinfection in COVID‐19 patients. This over‐consumption of broad‐spectrum antibiotics may be associated with increased mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, which can be an alarming finding