Effects or Summer Paddy Cultivation on Economy of Local Farmers in Myaungmya Township, Ayeyarwady Region

Myaungmya is one of the townships in Ayeyarwady Region located in Deltaic area. Summer paddy is extensively cultivated as second crop in the cool dry period. Summer paddy cultivated area covers nearly 90 percent of the summer paddy cultivated area. Although most femes cultivate summer paddy as a major crop, their cultivation practices differ from one farmer to another. Depending on cultivation practices, farmers are classed in to feu groups: farmers of first group are the Richwho cultivate summer paddy intensively, they cultivate systematically and carefully. In second group farmers cultivate summer paddy for the purpose of distributing seeds for local farmers, and farmers who cultivate paddy on self -help basis for household consumption are in the third group. Fanners of fourth group are poor and they do not cultivate paddy and rent the land to private company. Most farmers in the area cultivate high yield varieties to boost the yield with the intention of getting more income. Therefore, effects of summer paddy cultivation on economy differ in accordance with the cultivation practises. The objectives of the paper are to understand the reasons that cause different cultivation system, to explore different farming practices, to find out different rent returns from summer paddy cultivation am to forecast the future prospects of swimmer paddy cultivation in the arcs. To present the paper, primary data is mainly applied and mixed method is used

Community knowledge, awareness and preventi ve practi ces regarding dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thanlyin Township, Yangon, Myanmar

Recently, incidence of dengue has dramati cally increased around the world. In Myanmar, more cases of dengue fever (DF) / dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) are being reported yearly. A cross-secti onal descripti ve study was conducted in Thanlyin Township, during the rainy season of 2016. The aim of the study was to determine community awareness, knowledge and preventi ve practi ces regarding dengue fever. Multi -staged systemati c random sampling procedure was applied to select the subjects for the study and a face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questi onnaire. Data was analyzed using Stata 11.0.</p

Consumption of fruits and vegetables and associations with risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Yangon region of Myanmar: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To explore the intake of fruits and vegetables in the Yangon region, Myanmar, and to describe associations between intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and established risk factors for non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: 2 cross-sectional studies, using the STEPs methodology. SETTING: Urban and rural areas of the Yangon region of Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS: 1486, men and women, 25-74 years, were recruited through a multistage cluster sampling method. Institutionalised people, military personnel, Buddhist monks and nuns were not invited. Physically and mentally ill people were excluded. RESULTS: Mean intake of fruit was 0.8 (SE 0.1) and 0.6 (0.0) servings/day and of vegetables 2.2 (0.1) and 1.2 (0.1) servings/day, in urban and rural areas, respectively. Adjusted for included confounders (age, sex, location, income, education, smoking and low physical activity), men and women eating ≥2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day had lower odds than others of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.94)). On average, women eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.28 mmol/L lower than the levels of other women. When only adjusted for sex and age, men eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.27 mmol/L higher than other men. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of FV was associated with lower odds of hypertriglyceridaemia among men and women. It was also associated with cholesterol levels, negatively among women and positively among men