5 research outputs found

    La fonction de demande de monnaie en Algerie (1964-2010): Existence et stabilite a l’epreuve des grandes fluctuations

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    Nous traiterons, dans cet article, des propriĂ©tĂ©s d’un modĂšle empirique de la demande de monnaie en AlgĂ©rie  (1964-2009), Ă  travers l’examen de sa stabilitĂ© paramĂ©trique. Nous adopterons une approche basĂ©e sur le concept de la cointĂ©gration, et la technique d’estimation du maximum de vraisemblance de Johansen (1998). La fonction de demande de monnaie, issue d’un systĂšme cointĂ©grĂ© de quatre variables endogĂšnes (MM2 GDP CPI Txint), se comporte de façon satisfaisante dans l’échantillon. Nos principaux rĂ©sultats soutiennent que les grandes fluctuations (changements de structures) des variables Ă©conomiques, durant la pĂ©riode (1998-2008), n’altĂšrent pas la stabilitĂ© de la fonction de DM, et que la robustesse de notre modĂšle s’amĂ©liore avec l’élargissement de l’échantillon. Le modĂšle Ă©tablit nettement que l’ajustement rĂ©el et nominal dans la DM sont encore lents et accusent des retards. Les rĂ©sultats de notre investigation sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement en concordance avec la thĂ©orie.Mots clĂ©s : Demande algĂ©rienne en monnaie, Co-intĂ©gration, StabilitĂ© paramĂ©triqu

    Improved power computation method for droop‐controlled single‐phase VSIs in standalone microgrid considering non‐linear loads

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    Computation of active and reactive powers is a crucial step in droop-controlled single-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) in standalone microgrid since the performance and stability of the power-sharing strategy are strongly influenced by its speed and accuracy, especially in the case of non-linear loads. Here, an improved performance of power-sharing among single-phase droop-controlled VSIs in an islanded microgrid, considering DC component and nonlinear loads is presented. To achieve this goal, an enhanced power-sharing control scheme including a Multiple Enhanced Second-Order Generalized Integrator Frequency-Locked Loop (MESOGI-FLL) for power calculation is proposed. As a result, the proposed power computation technique provides high rejection capability of DC component and current harmonics, hence, perfect estimation of the fundamental component of the inverter output current and its 90◩ phase-shifted component. This strategy makes the power calculation method-based control scheme immune to disturbance effects of the DC component and the high current harmonics. Detailed analysis, mathematical modelling of MESOGI, as well as a comparison with recent methods, are also provided. Simulation and experimental tests were carried out and the obtained results have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed power-sharing controller even under nonlinear load operating conditions

    Modelling, control design, and analysis of the inner control's loops intended for single‐phase voltage‐controlled inverter‐based microgrid

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    In voltage-controlled voltage source inverters (VSIs)-based microgrids (MGs), the inner control is of prime interest task for guaranteeing safe and stable operation. In this paper, an in-depth investigation of the modelling, control design, and analysis of the voltage and current inner control loops intended for single-phase voltage-controlled VSIs is established. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive study of the mathematical modelling, control design, and performance evaluation of the inner control's loops considering different proportional-integral (PI) controller types with and without compensation, and to determine the optimal scheme that can offer better performance in terms of implementation simplicity, robustness, and transient and steady-state responses. Thus, the mathematical closed-loop models of designed outer voltage and inner current control schemes based on PI, P, and feedforward controllers with and without compensation are, first, derived. Following this, a systematic and effective control design for tuning the different PI controllers’ parameters is proposed. Furthermore, an analysis revealing the performance of the designed voltage and current control schemes is provided. This analysis enables us to choose a P controller and PI feedforward controller for the current control loop and the voltage control loop, respectively. The chosen P and PI controllers should be simple; meanwhile, they should offer a wide bandwidth. A simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software to assess the performance of the adopted inner control scheme for both linear and non-linear loads. In addition, an experimental setup, based on a TMS320F2837xD ÎŒC, of a single-phase VSI supplying linear and non-linear loads is built to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the adopted inner controller. The results demonstrated: (1) the necessity of introducing the compensation term, which is responsible for offering control improvement against voltage perturbation, (2) the high tracking performance of the chosen controller in terms of dynamic and steady-state responses as well as its simplicity of implementation

    Towards the management of the databases founded on descriptions logic

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    This article describes an approach for enriching databases based upon the Descriptions Logic which consist in understanding the structural and semantical aspects of existing databases in order to discover new knowledge and permit the passage to richer models. The heterogeneity at different levels (semantical, structural, descriptive) leads to the translation of local databases into a richer canonical model whose the choice is fundamental because its role is very important in the comparison between local schemas and in the detection of the inter-schemas conflicts. The canonical model is defined in the concept language, developed in our research laboratory as a representation and a reasoning tool. This language uses the notion of classes to produce descriptions which are, also, used in the reasoning process. Descriptions Logic describes the structure of the objects, at a terminological level, in terms of concepts and roles. We use semantics to give sense to terms used in the description.Keys-Words: Descriptions logic/ Databases/ Semantics. Resume Cet article décrit une approche d'enrichissement des bases de données fondée sur les logiques de descriptions. Ces derniÚres consistent à comprendre les aspects structurels et sémantiques des bases existantes dans le but de découvrir de nouvelles connaissances permettant le passage à des modÚles plus évolués. L'hétérogénéité à différents niveaux ( sémantiques, structurels, descriptifs) implique la traduction des bases de données locales dans un modÚle canonique plus riche dont le choix est fondamental car il joue un rÎle important dans la comparaison des schémas locaux et dans la détection des conflits inter-schémas. Le modÚle canonique est défini dans le langage de concepts, qui est développé au sein de notre laboratoire comme outil de représentation et de raisonnement. Ce langage utilise la notion de classes pour produire des descriptions qui sont, en plus, utilisées dans le raisonnement. Les logiques de descriptions décrivent la structure des objets, à un niveau terminologique, en termes de concepts et de rÎles. Une sémantique ensembliste est ensuite donnée pour associer un sens aux termes utilisés dans la description. Mots-Clés: Logiques de descriptions/ Base de données/ Sémantique. (Revue d'Information Scientifique et Technique: 2002 12(1): 95-104

    Découverte des Connaissances dans les Bases de Données: Une approche centrée objet

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    Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases : an object Oriented Approach This article consists in extracting automatically the implicit knowledge in a database. This work relies upon the field of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, which is at the intersection of databases, artificial intelligence, systematic learning and statistics. To express the extracted knowledge in a database in terms of high level generalized concepts, and not in terms of primitive data, we have integrated supplementary knowledge ( knowledge of applied field ) given by the expert of the field. This field knowledge, formalized in terms of hierarchy of concepts, permits to generalize the initial values of a database. The knowledge discovered may be formalized in terms of high level generalized concepts, an easily understood symbolic form by the user, without any new interpretation. They may be used to complete, for example, the construction of a knowledge base, or help the decision making process in a symbolic numerical analysis process. Key-Words: Databases/ Concepts/ knowledge discovery. DĂ©couverte des Connaissances dans les Bases de DonnĂ©es: Une approche centrĂ©e objet Cet article consiste Ă  extraire automatiquement des connaissances implicites Ă  partir d'une base de donnĂ©es. Ce travail relĂšve du domaine des systĂšmes de dĂ©couverte de connaissances dans les bases de donnĂ©es (Knowledge Discovery in Databases), domaine de recherche Ă  l'intersection des bases de donnĂ©es, de l'intelligence artificielle, de l'apprentissage automatique et des statistiques. Pour exprimer les connaissances extraites Ă  partir d'une base de donnĂ©es en termes de concepts gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s de haut de niveau, et non en termes de donnĂ©es initiales, nous avons intĂ©grĂ© des connaissances supplĂ©mentaires (connaissances du domaine d'application) qui sont donnĂ©es par l'expert du domaine. Cette connaissance du domaine, formalisĂ©e en terme de hiĂ©rarchie de concepts, permet de gĂ©nĂ©raliser les valeurs initiales d'une base de donnĂ©es. Les connaissances dĂ©couvertes peuvent ĂȘtre formalisĂ©es en termes de concepts gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s de haut de niveau, forme symbolique facilement comprĂ©hensible par l'utilisateur, sans aucune nouvelle interprĂ©tation. Elles peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es pour complĂ©ter la construction d'une base de connaissances par exemple, ou aider Ă  la prise de dĂ©cision lors du processus d'une analyse symbolique numĂ©rique de donnĂ©es. Mots-ClĂ©s: Base de donnĂ©es/ Concepts/ DĂ©couverte de connaissances. Revue d'Information Scientifique & Technique Vol.11(2) 2001: 61-6
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