Efficient Seismic Volume Compression using the Lifting Scheme

An advanced seismic compression technique is proposed to manage seismic data in a world of ever increasing data volumes in order to maintain productivity without compromising interpretation results. A separable 3-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using long biorthogonal filters is used. The computation efficiency of the DWT is improved by factoring the wavelet filters using the lifting scheme. In addition, the lifting scheme offers: 1) a dramatic reduction of the required auxiliary memory, 2) an efficient combination with parallel rendering algorithms to perform arbitrary surface and volume rendering for interactive visualization, and 3) an easy integration in the parallel I/O seismic data loading routines. The proposed technique is tested on a seismic volume from the Stratton field in South Texas. The resulting 3-level multiresolution decomposition yields 21 detail sub-volumes and a unique low-resolution sub-volume. The detail wavelet coefficients are quantized with an adaptive threshold uniform scalar quantizer (TUSQ). The scale-dependent thresholds are determined with the Stein unbiased risk estimate (SURE) principle. As the approximation coefficients represent a smooth low-resolution version of the input data they are only quantized using a uniform scalar quantizer (USQ). Finally a runlength plus a Huffman encoding are applied for binary coding of the quantized coefficients

Synthesis, spectroscopic and DFT characterization of 4 β -(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanine positional isomers for non-linear optical absorption

In this work the synthesis, spectral characterization and non-linear optical properties of metal-free 4β-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanine isomers are described and compared to the previously reported alpha derivative. The second-order nonlinear optical properties of the phthalocyanine isomers were investigated using the Z-scan technique and compared to the theoretical data obtained from density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Z-scan results indicated strong non-linear behaviour, revealing reverse saturable absorption (RSA) profiles for all four isomers. The experimental βexp values showed the following trend:C4h (9.31×10–10mMW–1)>D2h (7.89×10–10mMW–1)>Cs (7.32× 10–10 mMW–1) > C2v (1.77 × 10–10 mMW–1). These results were similar to that obtained with the 4β-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanines as the C2v and Cs isomers were found to have the lowest βexp values compared to other symmetries. The 4β-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanine C4h isomer was found toshowbetter non-linear optical properties compared to all other isomers.Keywords: Phthalocyanine, non-linear optical absorption, density functional theory, magnetic circular dichrois

Efficient Seismic Volume Compression using the Lifting Scheme

An advanced seismic compression technique is proposed to manage seismic data in a world of ever increasing data volumes in order to maintain productivity without compromising interpretation results. A separable 3-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using long biorthogonal filters is used. The computation efficiency of the DWT is improved by factoring the wavelet filters using the lifting scheme. In addition, the lifting scheme offers: 1) a dramatic reduction of the required auxiliary memory, 2) an efficient combination with parallel rendering algorithms to perform arbitrary surface and volume rendering for interactive visualization, and 3) an easy integration in the parallel I/O seismic data loading routines. The proposed technique is tested on a seismic volume from the Stratton field in South Texas. The resulting 3-level multiresolution decomposition yields 21 detail sub-volumes and a unique low-resolution sub-volume. The detail wavelet coefficients are quantized with an adaptive threshold uniform scalar quantizer (TUSQ). The scale-dependent thresholds are determined with the Stein unbiased risk estimate (SURE) principle. As the approximation coefficients represent a smooth low-resolution version of the input data they are only quantized using a uniform scalar quantizer (USQ). Finally a runlength plus a Huffman encoding are applied for binary coding of the quantized coefficients

Spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of alkyl thio substituted binuclear phthalocyanines

This work presents the spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of metal free binuclear and monomeric 4- (pentylthio)phthalocyanine and cobalt 4,5-(bipentylthio)phthalocyanine. Second order nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) values for the complexes were determined and compared

Spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of the four positional isomers of 4α-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanine

The spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of the positional isomers of metal free 4α-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyanine are presented. Second order nonlinear polarizability (β), imaginary hyperpolarizability (Im(γ)) and imaginary susceptibility (Im[χ(3)]) values were determined for the four positional isomers. The measured β values of the four isomers displayed the following trend, C4h (34.0 × 10−5 m MW−1) > D2h (28.8 × 10−5 m MW−1) > C2v (22.8 × 10−5 m MW−1) > Cs (13.7 × 10−5 m MW−1)

Stakeholder Relations and Ownership of a Community Wireless Network: The Case of iNethi

The primary objective for this study is to investigate multi-stakeholder understanding of ownership of a community wireless network (CWN) located in Ocean View, Cape Town. This is important because ownership and stakeholder relations are components that contribute to the success of a CWN. Using the convenience and snowball sampling method, we completed 11 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from the University of Cape Town and the Ocean View community. We consider different ways ownership is conceived between stakeholders. We found that the involvement of the community at initiation of a CWN project is imperative in establishing ownership of a CWN. We characterize some of the ways in which discordant conceptions of ownership have resulted in miscommunication within this project and offer considerations for researchers to take into account as they collaborate with communities on joint initiatives

Tetrabenzoporphyrin and -mono-, - Cis -di- and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin derivatives: Electrochemical and spectroscopic implications of meso CH Group replacement with nitrogen

Nonperipherally hexyl-substituted metal-free tetrabenzoporphyrin (2H-TBP, 1a) tetrabenzomonoazaporphyrin (2H-TBMAP, 2a), tetrabenzo-cis-diazaporphyrin (2H-TBDAP, 3a), tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (2H-TBTAP, 4a), and phthalocyanine (2H-Pc, 5a), as well as their copper complexes (1b-5b), were synthesized. As the number of meso nitrogen atoms increases from zero to four, Îmax of the Q-band absorption peak becomes red-shifted by almost 100 nm, and extinction coefficients increased at least threefold. Simultaneously the blue-shifted Soret (UV) band substantially decreased in intensity. These changes were related to the relative electron-density of each macrocycle expressed as the group electronegativity sum of all meso N and CH atom groups, âχR. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy differentiated between the three different types of macrocyclic nitrogen atoms (the Ninner, (NH)inner, and Nmeso) in the metal-free complexes. Binding energies of the Nmeso and Ninner,Cu atoms in copper chelates could not be resolved. Copper insertion lowered especially the cathodic redox potentials, while all four observed redox processes occurred at larger potentials as the number of meso nitrogens increased. Computational chemical methods using density functional theory confirmed 1b to exhibit a Cu(II) reduction prior to ring-based reductions, while for 2b, Cu(II) reduction is the first reductive step only if the nonperipheral substituents are hydrogen. When they are methyl groups, it is the second reduction process; when they are ethyl, propyl, or hexyl, it becomes the third reductive process. Spectro-electrochemical measurements showed redox processes were associated with a substantial change in intensity of at least two main absorbances (the Q and Soret bands) in the UV spectra of these compounds

HASH(0x559bb2ddc868)

HASH(0x559bb2ddc610

Efficient Seismic Volume Compression using the Lifting Scheme

An advanced seismic compression technique is proposed to manage seismic data in a world of ever increasing data volumes in order to maintain productivity without compromising interpretation results. A separable 3-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using long biorthogonal filters is used. The computation efficiency of the DWT is improved by factoring the wavelet filters using the lifting scheme. In addition, the lifting scheme offers: 1) a dramatic reduction of the required auxiliary memory, 2) an efficient combination with parallel rendering algorithms to perform arbitrary surface and volume rendering for interactive visualization, and 3) an easy integration in the parallel I/O seismic data loading routines. The proposed technique is tested on a seismic volume from the Stratton field in South Texas. The resulting 3-level multiresolution decomposition yields 21 detail sub-volumes and a unique low-resolution sub-volume. The detail wavelet coefficients are quantized with an adaptive threshold uniform scalar quantizer (TUSQ). The scale-dependent thresholds are determined with the Stein unbiased risk estimate (SURE) principle. As the approximation coefficients represent a smooth low-resolution version of the input data they are only quantized using a uniform scalar quantizer (USQ). Finally a runlength plus a Huffman encoding are applied for binary coding of the quantized coefficients