Regulation of Glutamine Carrier Proteins by RNF5 Determines Breast Cancer Response to ER Stress-Inducing Chemotherapies

SummaryMany tumor cells are fueled by altered metabolism and increased glutamine (Gln) dependence. We identify regulation of the L-glutamine carrier proteins SLC1A5 and SLC38A2 (SLC1A5/38A2) by the ubiquitin ligase RNF5. Paclitaxel-induced ER stress to breast cancer (BCa) cells promotes RNF5 association, ubiquitination, and degradation of SLC1A5/38A2. This decreases Gln uptake, levels of TCA cycle components, mTOR signaling, and proliferation while increasing autophagy and cell death. Rnf5-deficient MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors were less differentiated and showed elevated SLC1A5 expression. Whereas RNF5 depletion in MDA-MB-231 cells promoted tumorigenesis and abolished paclitaxel responsiveness, SLC1A5/38A2 knockdown elicited opposing effects. Inverse RNF5hi/SLC1A5/38A2lo expression was associated with positive prognosis in BCa. Thus, RNF5 control of Gln uptake underlies BCa response to chemotherapies

Le patrimoine architectural de l’époque coloniale française au prisme des politiques patrimoniales algériennes : cas de l’hôtel de ville de Bône

Cet article analyse les politiques patrimoniales mises en place par l’état algérien pour la préservation du patrimoine architectural en général et celui hérité de l’époque coloniale française en particulier ; et souligne l’important arsenal juridique renforcé depuis 1998.Nous tenterons à travers l’exemple de l’hôtel de ville d’Annaba, de mettre en exergue les spécificités des politiques patrimoniales et des opérations de réhabilitation du patrimoine architectural datant de l’époque coloniale française, afin d’identifier les rapports entre le jeu des acteurs locaux, les logiques opérationnelles de prise en charge de ce patrimoine, et de cerner les niveaux de défaillances dans la chaine de prise de décision et leurs impacts sur le niveau de dégradation et de méconnaissance de ce legs.Mots clés: patrimoine architectural- hôtel de ville – réglementation - réhabilitationEnglish Title: The architectural heritage of the French colonial era to the prism of Algerian patrimonial policies: case of the town hall of BôneEnglish AbstractThis article analyzes the patrimonial policies implemented by the Algerian state for the preservation of architectural heritage in general and that inherited from the French colonial period in particular; and high lights the important legal arsenal reinforced since 1998.We will try through the example of the city of Annaba Hotel, to highlight the specificities of heritage policies and rehabilitation operations of the architectural heritage dating from the French colonial era, in order to identify the relationship between the set of local actors, the operational logic of management of that heritage, and to identify the levels of failures in the chain of decision-making and their impact on the level of degradation and ignorance of this legacy.Keywords: architectural heritage - city hall – actors – regulation - rehabilitatio