The Moderating Effect of Personality Traits on the Relationship Between Management Practices, Leadership Styles and Safety Performance in Iraq

Existing literature reveals a gap in the empirical knowledge on safety performance in the oil and gas (O&G) industry in Iraq. This study specifically aims to identify the level of safety performance in the Iraqi O&G industry by examining the direct relationship among management practices (safety training, rewards, management commitment, communication and feedback, hiring practices, and employee participation), leadership styles (transformational and transactional), and safety performance (compliance with safety behavior and safety participation) among 713 employees. This study also explores the role of personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, intellect, agreeableness, and emotional stability) as a moderator of the relationship among management practices, leadership styles, and safety performance. Quantitative data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 18.0, which includes descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and Pearson correlation. Additionally, multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regressions were used to test the study hypotheses. In identifying interaction effects, significant beta coefficients and post hoc probing by split sample analysis were employed. Results provide general support for the hypothesis of the study, despite a number of differences in the direction of the relationships. Specifically, training, rewards, management commitment, communication and feedback, hiring practices, employee participation, and the transactional leadership style positively related to safety performance, whereas the transformational leadership style did not significantly relate to safety performance. The results also suggest that personality traits have a positive and significant moderating influence on the model. The relationship among management practices, leadership styles, and safety performance indicates that the improvement of safety performance through the management of employees will be beneficial to the Iraqi O&G industry. Finally, this study discusses theoretical and practical implications, as well as recommendations for future research

Studying the Effect of Employees’ Environment Awareness as an Intermediate Variable for the Relationship between Institutional Pressures and Intentions of Human Resources for Adoption of Green Information Techniques: An Exploratory Study of Micro-Companie

Purpose: The aim of the present research paper is to study the impact of institutional pressures derived from institutional theory on the intentions of human resources in micro companies to adopt green information technology. Besides, it aims at explaining the reasons why human resources in companies and research sample, are heterogeneous in their adoption of green information technology, even though they are under institutional pressures.   Theoretical Framework: The carbon footprint for micro-companies enlarges continuously for due to its an increasing use of information techniques in its all activities. Institutional pressures have increased on micro-companies pushing it toward letting human resources adopt green information techniques for mitigating negative impacts hit environment.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative design was adopted to collect data from employees working in micro-companies’ in southern Iraq for a sample of 181 employees through the questionnaire. The study sample was requested to give an answer to its items in accordance with 7 point Likert scale. As per data statistical analysis, through the use of Partial Least Squares.   Findings: that institutional pressures (forced, imitated & standard) collectively impact positively on intents of the study’s sample for adoption of a green information technique. Also, it was found that institutional pressures (forced, imitated & standard) impact positively employees’ environmental awareness. Then diagnosing the role of employees’ environmental awareness as a variable intermediating the relation between institutional pressures and intents for letting human resources adopt a green information technique.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Future studies can understandable that green information technology is an open arena for all researchers interested in the environment. Researchers can enter this field by raising study questions and employing and applying its variables to micro companies, or public sector organizations. They can expand the organizational theory by adding other intermediate or interactive variables and their effects on human resources’ intentions to adopt green information technology.   Originality/value:  Human resources in micro companies play a significant role in shaping the company’s legitimacy in its institutional field. Because micro companies appreciate the commencement time to adopt green information technology, and the place of practice. This requires enriching their knowledge of the challenges facing the environment by developing mandatory and voluntary programs to increase human environmental awareness and to get them engaged and directing their behavior towards this objective

A proposed relationship between management practices and safety performance in the oil and gas industry in Iraq

Occupational accidents occur are either due to lack of knowledge, training, lack of supervision, and lack of rules implementation. In addition, a human error leads to negligence, carelessness of workers, recklessness of workers and lack of monitoring and controlling.The rapid growth in the industry globally has raised concern on safety and health issues at the workplace. As a result more occupational accidents and injuries at workplace make headline news all over the globe. The aim of this paper is to review related empirical literatures and highlight the need to investigate safety performance with respect to the oil and gas industry in Iraq.This paper discusses the role of management practices that may have an impact on safety performance in the oil and gas industry.Toward the end of the paper, a conceptual model depicting the relationships between management practices and safety performance will be offered