Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz. in Caspian Sea Coast, Iran

Cladophora is one of the largest filamentous green-algal genus and has a widespread distribution in Caspian Sea Coast. This study aimed at assaying the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cladophora glomerata in South of Caspian sea. The antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated, including the total phenolic contents (3077 ± 105 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 of extract), total flavonoid contents (595 ± 23 mg quercetin equivalent gl-1 of extract), scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (920 ± 42 μg ml-1 as IC50 value), iron chelating activity (IC50 = 971 ± 39 μg ml-1), scavengers of nitric oxide (0.20 ± 0.01 mg ml-1 as IC50) and reducing power. There were significant differences between the extract and vitamin C (P<0.001). Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus mirabilis were investigated. The extract was primarily screened for their possible antimicrobial effects using disc diffusion methods. The potential antibacterial activities at different concentrations of the extract were elucidated. The extract displayed a variable degree of antimicrobial activities on different bacteria. Among the gram positive bacteria, the S. aureus (with wider zones of inhibition) was found to be more sensitive than B. subtilis. Among the gram negative bacteria, Salmonella enteritidis was found to be more resistant than Proteus vulgaris. Our findings suggest the possibility of using the Cladophora glomerata as a novel source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for pharmaceutical industries.Key words: Cladophora glomerata, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, flavonoid contents, phenolic contents

Data in support of comparative physiology and proteomic analysis of two wheat genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance

AbstractHere, we present the data from a comparative physiology and proteomics approach used to analyze the response of two wheat genotypes (SERI M 82 (SE) and SW89.5193/kAu2 (SW)) with contrasting responses to drought stress. Proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 49 unique proteins with significant change in abundance (2-fold) under water shortage in roots and leaves. Gene ontology analysis of drought-responsive proteins (DRPs) suggested an induction of proteins related to cell wall biogenesis, ATP synthesis, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate/energy metabolism in leaves under stress condition. A large fraction of root proteins were identified to be involved in defense and oxidative stress response. In addition, a significant change was detected in proteins related to protein synthesis, ATP synthesis, and germin-like proteins in response to drought stress. A detailed analysis of this data may be obtained from Ref. [1]

The effects of oxygen and metabolic inhibitors on growth and apparent photosynthesis in tomato

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Effects of manganese toxicity on activation of antioxidant enzymes, Anthocyanin and total phenolic content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

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Evaluation of antibacterial effects of catechin and EDTA on planktonic and biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Aims: Today, bacterial biofilms contribute to 65% of nosocomial infections worldwide. One of the most commonpathogens that can form biofilm is Pseudomonas aeroginusa. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate theantimicrobial effects of catechin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on planktonic and biofilm cells of P.aeruginosa standard strain.Methodology and results: Standard strains of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were cultivated in nutrient agar medium for24 h at 37 °C. The MICs values of EDTA, catechin and imipenem antibiotics on P. aeruginosa were determined withmicro dilution test. Then, the biofilm of this bacterium was grown and finally the influences of these agents on biofilminhibition were evaluated by colorimetric MTT and ATPase release assays. One way analyses of variance and thenFisher's least significant difference test were carried out to compare the different groups. The MIC values of catechinand EDTA on P. aeruginosa were 7.24 and 24.92 (μg/mL), respectively. Colorimetric assay with MTT showed thatEDTA, and catechin inhibited biofilm formation significantly. ATPase assay indicated that the amount of released ATPfrom EDTA and catechin groups were significantly lower than the control group. Also, there was a significant differencebetween the EDTA and catechin groups with respect to the amount of the released ATP.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Our findings showed that EDTA and catechin can inhibit the growth ofplanktonic and biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa. From the results of the present study, we suggest using these agents toreduce or inhibit bacterial contamination of medical devices

Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Larynx: A Case Report

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenomas are tumors mostly originating from salivary glands. These lesions in the larynx are very rare. Case Report: We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma that originated from the mucosal lining, just above the glottic area at the level of the laryngeal ventricle in a 55-year-old female patient. The tumor could not be palpated easily but was observed in the CT scan. We resected the large and firm tumor using trans hyoid pharyngotomy as the surgical approach. Conclusion:  Pleomorphic adenoma in the ventricle of the larynx is an extremely rare lesion. Trans-hyoid pharyngotomy can have good results as the surgical approach in removing such lesions

Study of glycyrrhizic acid contents from Glycyrrhiza glabra populations in Iran and their relation with environmental factors

Abstract.Rezaei S, Nejadsattari T, Assadi M, Khavarinejad RA,Mehregan I. 2017. Study of glycyrrhizic acid contents from Glycyrrhiza glabra populations in Iran and their relation with environmental factors. Biodiversitas 18: 212-220. Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) is an important chemical composition of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) from which is 50 times sweeter than sucrose. In this study, the amount of glycyrrhizic acid was determined in populations collected from 11 different locations in Iran (NW to NE) by HPLC method from two varieties of this species; Glycyrrhiza glabra varieties glabra and glandulifera. Our results showed the highest content of glycyrrhizic acid was from Naghadeh (NAQ, NW Iran) population for G. glabra var. glandulifera and Azadshahr population (AZD, NW Iran ) for G. glabra var. glabra. Lowest amounts of glycyrrhizic acid were detected in Jajrood (JAD, N Iran) population for G. glabra var. glandulifera and Hashtrud (HSD, N Iran) population for G. glabra var. glabra. Significant correlations were observed between the amount of glycyrrhizic acid and some morphometric parameters, soil and environmental factors. The amount of glycyrrhizic acid showed positive correlation with phosphorous (P ≤ 0.05 and R2 =0.155) and negative correlation with pH (P ≤ 0.01 and R2 =0.348) and calcium carbonate (P ≤ 0.01 and R2 =0.507). Higher temperature resulted in increasing the amount of glycyrrhizic acid. Based on morphometrical data, the plants with thinner rhizomes would have more glycyrrhizic acid. Our results also showed that glycyrrhizic acid content was not related to taxonomic classification of this species. Keywords: Ecological factors, glycyrrhizic acid, HPLC, licoric

Trends in important agronomic traits, grain yield and its components in bread wheat cultivars released in northern warm and humid climate of Iran, 1968–2018

Investigating the relationship between grain yield and main agronomic traits and understanding the trend of changes in traits during breeding history are important for breeding strategies. In order to determine the trend of changes in improved wheat cultivars and calculate the genetic gain of yield and related traits, 20 spring wheat cultivars released for the northern climate of the Iran during the years 1968 to 2018 were evaluated. Cultivars were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gorgan, Gonbad, Sari and Moghan in three consecutive years (2015–18). Morphological and phenological traits and grain yield and related traits were assessed in each year. Linear regression analysis between investigated characteristics and year of cultivar release showed that the grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of spikes per square meter, thousand-kernel weight and grain filling rate were significantly increased. No significant changes, however, were observed during breeding programs in maturity-related traits such as days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, duration of grain filling, plant height, peduncle length, spike length and number of grains per spike. According to the positive and significant correlation between biomass, harvest index, number of spikes per square meter and thousand-kernel weight with grain yield, it seems that breeders in the northern climate of the country have been selected these traits to increase grain yield during the process of breeding cultivars