Parliamentary Governance in Bangladesh: Focus on Quorum Crisis

In the parliamentary form of government parliament plays two types of roles i e legislative role and administrative role Based on the constitutional provision parliament formulates laws for the country as well as makes the administration accountable The effectiveness of the parliament depends on the capacity of the parliament to use its instruments on these issues The precondition of the parliamentary session is the presence and participation of the Members of the Parliament MPs The effectiveness of a parliamentary session primarily depends on the fulfillment of quorum in the parliamentary session Ensuring quorum is one of the significant roles of parliamentary governance Very often Bangladesh s parliament suffers from a quorum crisis and makes a huge loss of time and money The objective of this paper is to evaluate the quorum position in the Bangladesh parliament and its consequences Article 75 2 of the Bangladesh constitution ensured the presence of a minimum number not less than sixty MPs to be present before starting the session and during the session A study of TIB Transparency International Bangladesh found that the ruling Awami League has 274 lawmakers in the parliament still the 18th session witnessed over 152-hour quorum crisis which cost BDT 1 25 billion from the public fun

Conventional pap’s test and liquid-based cytology for the screening of cervical cancer with back up colposcopy directed biopsy

The aim of this study was to screen the suspected cervical cancer patients (n=100) by liquid-based cytology and conventional pap’s smear followed by colposcopic biopsy from July 2016 to June 2017. In conventional pap’s test, 73 cases were true negative whereas 25 cases were false negative. However, in liquid-based cytology, 68 cases were true negative and 23 cases were false negative. Finally when colposcopic examinations were done, 61 cases were true negative and 15 cases were false negative. The sensitivity of liquid-based cytology was 11.5% for cervical cancer screening which was more than the conventional pap’s smear (3.8%). In conclusion, liquid-based cytology should be more preferable method than the than conventional pap’s smear for the diagnosis of precancerous lesion of the cervix

Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students: Evidence from a Public University in Bangladesh

Academic result measured by Grade Point Average is often considered as the most dominant performance indicator of a student in most of developing countries like Bangladesh. Several prior studies have been conducted to determine the factors which act as control measures to the academic performance in tertiary level education. But the obtained results varied largely depending on the socio-economic context and education policy of the nations. The study aims at finding out the factors that affect the academic performance of students of a public university situated in the south-western part of Bangladesh and to assess the relative predictability of various factors on academic performance. A sample of 314 graduate students from different disciples was chosen based on a random sampling method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a statistical tool has been used to extract factors affecting academic performance. Multiple Linear regression was run to predict the influence of these factors on the dependent variable. The academic factor that includes conventional exam system, teachers’ evaluation system, and academic study environment appeared as the most dominant determinant factors affecting academic performance. Other important factors such as the financial condition of students, family income, social media affiliation, part-time job, extra-curricular activities also dictate academic performance. Regression coefficient indicates that gender, higher secondary examination grades, sleeping duration, academic study hours have a significant influence on academic achievement. The study results will be useful to the students, academicians, guardians of the students, policymakers, and researchers to have a better understanding of determinants of academic achievement and taking appropriate measures accordingly. Keywords: Academic performance, PCA, Academic factors, demographic and socio-economic factors, Public university students, Bangladesh. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-5-07 Publication date: February 28th 202

Prolonged use of oral contraceptive pill, a co-factor for the development of cervical cancer

This study was carried out to assess the use of oral contraceptive pill as a co-factor for the development of cervical cancer. Among the 100 participants, 71% used oral contraceptives pill. Maximum (40%) used oral contraceptive pill for >5 years whereas 31% for <5 years. Histopathologically diagnosed invasive squamous cell carcinoma was 84% and adenocarcinoma was 16%

Prolonged use of oral contraceptive pill, a co-factor for the development of cervical cancer

This study was carried out to assess the use of oral contraceptive pill as a co-factor for the development of cervical cancer. Among the 100 participants, 71% used oral contraceptives pill. Maximum (40%) used oral contraceptive pill for >5 years whereas 31% for <5 years. Histopathologically diagnosed invasive squamous cell carcinoma was 84% and adenocarcinoma was 16%

Challenges and Prospective of AI and 5G-Enabled Technologies in Emerging Applications during the Pandemic

5G is being implemented in the Internet of things (IoT) era. This book chapter focuses on 5G technology and the integration of other digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, IoT, big data analytics, cloud computing, robotics, and other digital platforms into new healthcare applications. Now, the healthcare industry is implementing 5G-enabled technology to improve health services, medical research, quality of life, and medical professionals’ and patients’ experiences everywhere, at any time. Technology can facilitate faster medical research progress and better clinical and social services management. Furthermore, AI approaches with 5G connectivity may be able to combat the epidemic challenges with minimal resources. This book chapter underlines how 5G technology is growing to address epidemic concerns. The study highlights many technical issues and future developments for creating 5G-powered healthcare solutions. This chapter also addresses the key challenges AI and 5G technology face in emerging healthcare solutions. In addition, this book chapter highlights perspective, policy recommendations, and future research directions of AI and 5G-enabled technologies in confronting future pandemics. More research will be incorporated into future projects, including studies on developing a digital society based on 5G technology in healthcare emergencies

Presentation of invasive cervical cancer in Bangladesh

Background: Cervical cancer is a disease of significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. More than 85% of the disease occurs in developing countries. Bangladesh, like other developing countries faces a burden of the disease. ObJec­tive: To find out the different way of presentation of invasive cervical cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynaecologic Oncology wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during 1st January 2007 to 30th April 2008. One hundred and four patients with invasive cervical cancer admitted in hospital were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. All the infor­mation were collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS version: 17.0. Frequency distributions were used to present the characteristics of the patients. Chi-square test was calcu­lated and the significant level was set at P<0.05. Results: Maximum patients (60.6%) were in stage II. Majority of the patients (61.5%) presented with abnormal bleeding. Exophytic growth was found in the majority of the patients (71.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma was more (92.3%) in the majority of patients and adenocarcinoma was more in younger age group. Conclusion: The status of the patients irJ this study reflects advanced stage of the disease at presentation and the peak incidence was observed in 36-45 years age group

Reconceptualising student experiences: exploring embodiment and identity through differential HE space

Despite the emergence of a body of literature about the student experience, how students of diverse backgrounds experience life and learning across the higher education (HE) sector remains under-researched. This article draws data from a small pilot study that explored this issue in Birmingham City University. The researchers, who comprised staff and students, deliberately worked against the grain of the emerging audit-centred university culture around a homogenised consumerist ‘student experience’. The research team (consisting of staff and a MA student) used identity boxes to create a safe space for students to talk with staff and other students about themselves. Findings indicated that the use of artefacts enables the mediation of emerging student identities and so confirmed the value of this method as an embodied experience. A key finding suggested that making it easier for students from black and South Asian backgrounds to discuss and explore their personal sense of embodiment in this way can open up a ‘differential HE space’, bringing with it positive educational benefits for them as uncompromisingly self-determining students

Reconceptualising student experiences: exploring embodiment and identity through differential higher education space

Despite the emergence of a body of literature about the student experience, how students of diverse backgrounds experience life and learning across the higher education (HE) sector remains under-researched. This article draws data from a small pilot study that explored this issue in Birmingham City University. The researchers, who comprised staff and students, deliberately worked against the grain of the emerging audit-centred university culture around a homogenised consumerist ‘student experience’. The research team (consisting of staff and a MA student) used identity boxes to create a safe space for students to talk with staff and other students about themselves. Findings indicated that the use of artefacts enables the mediation of emerging student identities and so confirmed the value of this method as an embodied experience. A key finding suggested that making it easier for students from black and South Asian backgrounds to discuss and explore their personal sense of embodiment in this way can open up a ‘differential HE space’, bringing with it positive educational benefits for them as uncompromisingly self-determining students

Oral health related disorder among children with behavioral problems

Background: The best mouth function, the absence of disease, and oral health are achieved by maintaining the highest self-esteem possible. When someone has good dental health, they can communicate and connect with people without getting sick, feeling uncomfortable, or feeling embarrassed. This study aimed to evaluate the Oral health-related disorder specifically to assess dental caries and gingivitis among children with behavioral problems. Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional investigation carried out at Kalachandpur Government Primary School and Jashim Uddin Institute, Dhaka. The study was carried out between October 2021 and December 2022 and included 650 pediatric patients who were aged between 6 to 15 years. Results: Most 290 (44.62%) children were aged 6-9 years, 250 (38.46%) were 10-12 years, and the rest 110 (16.92%) were 13-15 years old. Patients with 11-15 years had lower dental caries. 310 (48%) were female, and 340 (52%) were male. Dental caries is associated with elevated risk. Children in the elevated caries risk group had a significantly higher mean value of conduct problems and Hyperactivity/inattention based on the SDQ compared to those with low caries risk. No statistically significant differences were found between the low caries risk group and the elevated caries group for the other subscales. Conclusions: There were statistically more children in the study group who had a high risk of getting caries. Behavior problems were observed while externalizing children who had a high risk of getting caries. Children with externalizing behavior also have more conduct problems and hyperactivity compared to children with reduced caries risk