NGO accountability in Lesotho: a governance perspective of the societies (amendment) act 2001.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.Non- Government Organizations (NGOs) have become very popular since the 20th century in developing countries because of the role they play in the enhancement of socio-economic development. The prevalence of NGOs in most developing countries is linked to the availability of foreign aid and a modernization agenda for developed countries to invest in the development of the global south countries. For these reasons, the governments of developing countries have embraced the existence and importance of NGOs towards the improvement of the livelihoods of the poor people within their region. NGOs have played prominent roles in poverty reduction, economic advancement, social alteration and democratization programmes in Lesotho. The growing reputation of NGOs has resulted in the global call for improved accountability of NGOs. In Lesotho, the Societies Amendment Act 2001 was enacted with the purpose to register organisations, including NGOs, with the hope of standardizing the way in which registered organisations in Lesotho operate. The Act also seeks to establish one law for non- profit organisations and regulate the registration of civil society organisations. The purpose of the study was to assess the accountability of NGO in Lesotho through the governance perspective as contained in the Societies (Amendment) Act 2001. The study adopted a qualitative approach, as such; secondary sources of information were relied upon. Relevant books, journals, government publications and institutional reports were consulted for vital information that formed the crux of the argument of the study. Thematic content analysis was used for making sense of the information gathered from texts to articulately present arguments and reach a logical conclusion. Creation of themes was guided by the principle of good governance such as public-sector management, accountability, a legal framework for development and transparency and information. The preliminary results of this study showed that although there are policies that regulate the operations of NGOs in Lesotho like the Societies (Amendment) Act 2001 which is implemented in conjunction with the Cooperative Societies’ Act 2000, and the Labour Law Code of 1992.Notwithstanding, there are no provisions for accountability in the Societies (Amendment) Act 2001as regards the operation of NGOs. This vacuum has resulted in the autonomous operation of NGOs without checkmate. Key words: Accountability, Governance and Good Governance, NGOs, Societies (Amendment) Act 2001

On Diplomacy in Lesotho: Comparison and Contrast Between Lesotho's Pre-Colonial and Post-Colonial Diplomatic Agents

The purpose of this article, which is based on Mothibe’s (1997) paper on diplomatic agentsin pre-colonial Lesotho, is to compare and contrast Lesotho’s diplomats of today andthose of King Moshoeshoe’s time. Following the brief historical background of Lesotho,the author compares and contrasts the two diplomatic eras on the following points: eligibilitycriteria of diplomatic agents, functions and responsibilities of diplomats in pre-colonial and\ud post-colonial times, privileges, immunities and inviolability of diplomatic agents. The paperconcludes by indicating that diplomacy in Lesotho is as old as the state itself and that thediplomacy of Moshoeshoe’s era basically followed the same principles and executed thesame diplomatic functions as in post-colonial era. However, what is drastically different isthat today the functions and principles are codified as part of the international law whereas inthe pre-colonial epoch they were not. The codification and formalization of diplomatic lawsand functions, it is argued, does affect execution of diplomatic business for the bette

HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN KEJADIAN KANKER PAYUDARA

Breast Cancer is a malignant tumor in the breast or one breast. Based on the data obtained at the Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital in 2017, the number of breast cancer patients was 2,217 cases and until now it is still ranked first in the 10 biggest diseases in the Arifin Achmad Province Riau Hospital. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between hormonal contraception and the incidence of cancer in polyclinics and inpatient care at Arifin Achmad Hospital in 2018. The design of this study was case control with a sample of 194 cases and 194 controls. Data were collected in the form of secondary data. Random sample technique Systematic Random Sampling. Data were analyzed bivariate by Chi-Square and multivariate by using Double Logistic Regression test risk factor model. The results of the research showed that there was a relationship between the use of hormonal contraception and the incidence of breast cancer (p-value = 0,000) with OR = 3,824. The conclusion is that women who use hormonal contraception are 3 times more likely to develop breast cancer than women who do not breast cancer. In addition, the risk of using hormonal contraception is controlled by family history, parity, and breastfeeding.

HUBUNGAN STATUS EKONOMI DAN JUMLAH KELUARGA DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DESA KUAPAN KECAMATAN TAMBANG TAHUN 2023

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang banyak dihadapi anak saat ini, prevalensi global   stunting  menurut WHO (World Health Organization)  pada Tahun 2018  mencapai 21,9%, di Indonesia jumlah stunting 21,6% pada tahun 2022. Dampak stunting akan mempengaruhi kondisi fisik dan kognitif anak  dalam jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan status ekonomi dan jumlah keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan  cross sectional. Populasi Seluruh orang tua yang mempunyai balita sebanyak 213 orang, sampel sebanyak 139 orang penelitian ini dilakukan Desa Kuapan, pada bulan Juni tahun 2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simpel random sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan metode analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan bermakna antara status ekonomi dengan kejadian stunting pada balita  hasil uji statistik didapat p value = 0,00 ? dari (0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita hasil uji statistik didapat p value = 0,49 ? dari (0,05). Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan  untuk bisa membuat kebijakan yang kreatif dan inovatif dalam pencegahan stunting  serta melakukan pelatihan kepada kader dalam melakukan deteksi dini stunting, mengajak semua pihak untuk bekerja sama dalam pencegahan stuntin

DESIGNING BLOCKCHAIN BASED NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN CERTIFICATE SHARING FRAMEWORK

The sharing of academic achievement certificates and credentials requires enhanced security measures to ensure faultless and fraud-free practices, while also prioritizing data trust and user privacy. It is crucial to provide convenience and secure control over access rights based on user roles. Traditionally, educational institutions issue hard copy certificates to students who have fulfilled the prerequisites. However, when it comes to sharing validated certificates, especially for students pursuing higher studies, different issuers follow varied approaches. The traditional method of mailing certificates involves time-consuming and costly back-and-forth involvement with universities. Similarly, email-based approaches raise concerns regarding trust and authenticity. In all of these approach there exist intermediaries that are need for verification and validation. Existing sharing platforms restrict student's control over their data and limit the validation process. Moreover, once a certificate is shared through these methods, students often lose control over its further usage and distribution, which is not an ideal approach. Until recently, there was no standardized approach to accurately monitor and verify the sharing of certificates, including the sender, recipient, and conditions. However, with the emergence of distributed ledger technologies, specifically designed for NFTs, a decentralized peer-to-peer network has now become the most efficient solution to address these challenges. This technology enables secure and verifiable sharing of certificates, ensuring transparency, trust, and greater control for students over their credentials. By utilizing NFTs, students can retain ownership and control over their certificates even after sharing them, thereby eliminating the concerns of loss of control and unauthorized distribution. To achieve this, a distributed application layer was added on top of the centralized system to create a more feasible and practical approach. This study focuses on utilizing a permission-less blockchain, specifically the public network of the Ethereum blockchain, to develop a secure data sharing framework. The research proposes an architecture and delves into the necessary components and factors to consider during the design and implementation of the system. The aim is to provide students with complete ownership and permanent access to their digital certificates, which are verified by the university and accepted by employers. This framework supports immutability, authenticity, enhanced security, trusted records and is a promising means to share academic certificates involving students, universities and employers. The framework is evaluated via a user study. The extended Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) and a Trust-Privacy Security Model are used to evaluate the usability of the NFT-framework. The evaluation allows uncovering the role of different factors affecting user intention to adopt certificate-sharing platforms. The result of the evaluation point to guidelines and methods for embedding privacy, user transparency and drivers of using the application

Psychological Resilience and Perceived Social Support Among Women Exposed to Traumatic Events of Saptari District, (Kanchanrup Municipality)

Saptari is the smallest district in Nepal; it lies in the country’s eastern development region. There have been limited studies conducted about Maithali women\u27s status and domestic violence they face, however, no studies were conducted about the psychological resilience and social support they receive to overcome these adversities specifically in the Saptari district. The position of Madhesi women is worse because of analphabetism, and political, religious, and superstitious beliefs. The study\u27s primary objective is to examine the relationship between resilience and social support among women facing traumatic events in life. A descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 200 respondents from the paralegal committee and the Kanchanrup municipality community, in the Saptari district. Quantitative data was collected for this research. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to measure resilience and social support. Pearson\u27s correlation and t-test analyses were performed to examine associations between resilience and independent variables. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 16. The study findings indicated significant associations between resilience and social support (r==.853,

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, DUKUNGAN SUAMI DAN STATUS PEKERJAAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA IBU MEMILIKI BAYI USIA < 6 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIAK HULU

ASI   eksklusif  adalah makanan   pertama, yang  dibutuhkan  dalam  proses tahap   pertumbuhan  dan perkembangan bayi yang diberikan  sejak lahir hingga enam bulan menurut WHO angka pemberian    ASI  eksklusif  di  dunia  38%. Menurut data (RISKESDAS) 2021, 52,5 %  setengah dari 2,3 juta bayi berusia kurang mendapat ASI eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui  Hubungan Pengetahuan, Dukungan suami  dan status pekerjaan  dengan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif pada Ibu memiliki bayi usia &lt; 6 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Siak Hulu III 2022. Metode dalam penelitian ini cross sectional.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang memiliki bayi usia &lt; 6 berjumlah 175 orang. Sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Alat pengumpulan data mengunakan kuesioner dengan menggunakan metode analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan bermakna pengetahuan dengan pemberian asi eksklusif hasil uji statistik nilai P value 0,02  ? dari (0,05), ada hubungan bermakna antara  dukungan suami dengan pemberian asi eksklusif hasil uji statistik nilai P value 0,01  ? dari (0,05),dan tidak ada hubungan bermakna status pekerjaan dengan pemberian asi eksklusif hasil uji statistik nilai P value 0,08 &gt;  dari (0,05). Diharapkan responden untuk meningktakan ilmu pengetahuan dengan cara rajin membaca artikel dan mendengarkan informasi ilmiah  tentang asi ekslusif dan memberikan pelatihan kepada bapak agar bisa memberdayakan diri  agar dapat membantu istri dalam pemberian asi ekslusif

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN PENGGUNAAN AKDR PADA AKSEPTOR KB AKTIF DI PUSKESMAS KAMPAR TIMUR

ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar keempat setelah RRC tahun 2020 dengan jumlah yaitu sebanyak 32,56 juta jiwa. Dilihat dari &nbsp;jumlah pengguna&nbsp; &nbsp;AKDR&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;sangat&nbsp; &nbsp;sedikit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; di banding alat&nbsp; kontrasepsi lain. Namun &nbsp;dalam kenyataannya tingkat keakuratan AKDR lebih tinggi, karena&nbsp; &nbsp;bisa&nbsp;&nbsp; digunakan &nbsp;dalam&nbsp; &nbsp;waktu yang &nbsp;cukup &nbsp;lama dengan efek&nbsp; samping yang &nbsp;minimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan suami dengan &nbsp;penggunaan AKDR pada Akseptor KB Aktif di Puskesmas Kampar Timur. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini semua Akseptor KB aktif sebanyak 2.634 orang sedangkan sampel sebanyak 96 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan metode analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim (AKDR) &nbsp;Pada Akseptor KB aktif. &nbsp;Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value&nbsp; = 0,03 ≤ dari (0,05) dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan suami dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim (AKDR) &nbsp;Pada Akseptor KB Aktif . Hasil&nbsp; Hasiln uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value&nbsp; = 0,03 ≤ dari (0,05). Diharapkan penelitian ini menjadi pertimbangan untuk penelitian selanjutnya mengenai pemilihan alat kontrasepsi, khususnya AKDR. &nbsp; Kata Kunci &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Pengetahuan, Dukungan suami, AKDR &nbsp; &nbsp; ABSTRACT &nbsp; Indonesia is the country with the fourth largest population after China in 2020 with a total of 32.56 million people. Judging from the number of IUD users, very few compared to other contraceptives. But in reality the accuracy of the IUD is higher, because it can be used for a long time with minimal side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and husband's support with the use of IUDs on active family planning acceptors at the East Kampar Health Center. The method in this study used a cross sectional study, the population in this study were 2,634 active family planning acceptors while the sample was 96 people. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The data collection tool used a questionnaire with univariate and bivariate analysis methods. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between knowledge and the use of intrauterine devices (IUD) in active family planning acceptors. The results of the statistical test showed that p value = 0.03 of (0.05) and there was a significant relationship between husband's support and the use of intrauterine devices (IUD) in active family planning acceptors. Results Statistical test results obtained p value = 0.03 of (0.05).It is hoped that this research will become a consideration for further research regarding the selection of contraceptives, especially the IUD. &nbsp; Keywords: Knowledge, husband's support, IUD &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp