Circuit Modelling of Broadband Antenna Using Vector Fitting and Foster Form Approaches for IoT Applications

Computation of the broadband antenna impedance behavior requires the wideband lumped equivalent circuit. This work aims to provide a comprehensive study of broadband antenna equivalent circuit models over broad frequency ranges for Internet of Things (IoT) applications using multiple approaches. The first approach is a Foster approximation, which is based on the antenna-simulated scattering parameters and impedance data. The second concerns a vector-fitting fitting approximation, which is based on the antenna-simulated impedance/admittance data. The studied antenna is modeled based on the radiating element’s geometry and the multifractal slots, in addition to the DGS (Defected Ground Plane) effects. Applying these techniques, wideband lumped equivalent circuits of the antenna have been computed which are in good agreement with measurement data. These models could be useful for the enhancement of the performance of a broadband antenna and its systematic design as well as offering the advantage of saving computation time for full-wave simulations and facilitating the solution of problems that have both an electromagnetic part as well as a circuit part. For further analysis, the Gaussian pulse has been generated to drive a time-domain analysis of the current and power response waveforms antenna behavior under load

Numerical Laplace Inversion Method for Through-Silicon Via (TSV) Noise Coupling in 3D-IC Design

Typical 3D integrated circuit structures based on through-silicon vias (TSVs) are complicated to study and analyze. Therefore, it seems important to find some methods to investigate them. In this paper, a method is proposed to model and compute the time-domain coupling noise in 3D Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) based on TSVs. It is based on the numerical inversion Laplace transform (NILT) method and the chain matrices. The method is validated using some experimental results and the Pspice and Matlab tools. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique and the noise is analyzed in several cases. It is found that TSV noise coupling is affected by different factors such as source characteristics, horizontal interconnections, and the type of Inputs and Outputs (I/O) drivers

Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization Mechanisms for Through-Silicon Via (TSV) Noise Coupling

In this paper, two intelligent methods which are GAs and PSO are used to model noise coupling in a Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) based on TSVs. These techniques are rarely used in this type of structure. They allow computing all the elements of the noise model, which helps to estimate the noise transfer function in the frequency and time domain in 3D complicated systems. Noise models include TSVs, active circuits, and substrate, which make them difficult to model and to estimate. Indeed, the proposed approaches based on GA and PSO are robust and powerful. To validate the method, comparisons among the results found by GA, PSO, measurements, and the 3D-TLM method, which presents an analytical technique, are made. According to the obtained simulation and experimental results, it is found that the proposed methods are valid, efficient, precise, and robust

Investigation and Analysis of the Simultaneous Switching Noise in Power Distribution Network with Multi-Power Supplies of High Speed CMOS Circuits

The paper studies a simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in a power distribution network (PDN) with dual supply voltages and two cores. This is achieved by reducing the admittance matrix Y of the PDN then calculating frequency domain impedance with rational function approximation using vector fitting. This paper presents a method of computing the simultaneous switching noise through a switching current, whose properties and details are described. Thus, the results are discussed and performed using MATLAB and PSpice tools. It demonstrated that the presence of many cores in the same PCB influences the SSN due to electromagnetic coupling

Instruments for Measuring Psychological Dimensions in Human-Robot Interaction: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties.

BackgroundNumerous user-related psychological dimensions can significantly influence the dynamics between humans and robots. For developers and researchers, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the psychometric properties of the available instruments used to assess these dimensions, as they indicate the reliability and validity of the assessment.ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a systematic review of the instruments available for assessing the psychological aspects between people and social and domestic robots, offering a summary of their psychometric properties and the quality of the evidence.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines across different databases including Scopus, PubMed and IEEEXplore. The search strategy encompassed studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: a) the instrument could assess psychological dimensions related to social and domestic robots, including attitudes, beliefs, opinions, feelings, and perceptions; b) the study focused on validating the instrument; c) it evaluated the psychometric properties of the instrument; d) it underwent peer review; e) it was in English. Studies focusing on industrial robots, rescue robots, robotic arms, or those primarily concerned with technology validation or measuring anthropomorphism were excluded. Independent reviewers extracted instruments properties and methodological quality of their evidence following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.ResultsFrom 3,828 identified records, the research strategy yielded 34 articles that validated and examined the psychometric properties of 27 instruments designed to assess individuals' psychological dimensions in relation to social and domestic robots. These instruments encompass a broad spectrum of psychological dimensions. While most studies predominantly focused on structural validity and internal consistency, consideration of other psychometric properties was frequently inconsistent or absent. Despite their significance in the clinical context, no instrument has evaluated measurement error and responsiveness. Most of the instruments were targeted at both adults and older adults (18 years old and above). There is a limited number of instruments specifically designed for children, older adults, and healthcare contexts.ConclusionsGiven the strong interest in assessing psychological dimensions in the human-robot relationship, there is a need to develop new instruments using more rigorous methodologies and to consider a broader range of psychometric properties. This is essential to ensure the creation of reliable and valid measures for assessing people's psychological dimensions toward social and domestic robots. Among the limitations, the review included instruments applicable to both social robots and domestic robots, while excluding those for some specific types of robots (e.g., industrial robots).ClinicaltrialThe review was not registered with any relevant database

Double Negative (DNG) Metamaterial-Based Koch Fractal MIMO Antenna Design for Sub-6-GHz V2X Communication

This paper presents the design an study of a DSRC/sub-6 GHz Koch fractal antenna single, two and four elements integrated with metamaterial structures, are proposed for the C-V2X and IEEE 802.11p/V2X. The design of automotive antenna is a challenging task due to the degradation of the MIMO antenna performance because of mutual coupling and cause spectral regrowth. Initially, a single antenna exhibits very good performance at 5.9-GHz. Subsequently, two elements and four MIMO elements were designed and analyzed which are placed orthogonally at the corner of the substrate introducing a diversity polarization. Meanwhile, to overcome the mutual coupling effects and improve the isolation between the radiating elements, two new different shaped left-handed metamaterials based on broadside and electrically coupled square split-ring resonator (SRR) with negative permeability and negative permittivity are suggested and their reflection properties are analyzed. However, the performances of various MIMO antenna configurations are investigated before and after inserting the metamaterial structures to assess the potential enhancements achieved. Finally, a further investigation concentrates on the effects of these metamaterial structures on the MIMO antenna radiation pattern and surface current density. In summary, the study demonstrated through simulations and measurements that the suggested MIMO antenna configurations, with the integration of metamaterial structures, exhibit improved performance, achieving a mutual coupling of -45 dB and demonstrating good MIMO diversity attribute

Robot Companions and Sensors for Better Living: Defining Needs to Empower Low Socio-economic Older Adults at Home

Population ageing has profound implications for economies and societies, demanding increased health and social services. The global older adult population is steadily growing, presenting challenges. Addressing this reality, investing in older adults’ healthcare means enhancing their well-being while minimizing expenditures. Strategies aim to support older adults at home, but resource disparities pose challenges. Importantly, socio-economic factors influence peoples’ quality of life and wellbeing, thus they are associated with specific needs. Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) and monitoring technologies (wearable and environmental sensors) hold promise in aiding daily life, with older adults showing willingness to embrace them, particularly if tailored to their needs. Despite research on perceptions of technology, the preferences and needs of socio-economically disadvantaged older adults remain underexplored. This study investigates how SARs and sensor technologies can aid low-income older adults, promoting independence and overall well-being. For this purpose, older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) with low income were recruited, and a series of focus groups were conducted to comprehend how these technologies could address their needs. Thematic analysis results highlighted five key dimensions, specifically: 1) promote and monitor an active lifestyle, 2) help with daily errands and provide physical assistance, 3) reduce isolation and loneliness, 4) considerations regarding monitoring technologies, and 5) barriers affecting SARs and monitoring technologies usage and acceptance. These dimensions should be considered during SARs and sensors design to effectively meet users’ requirements, enhance their quality of life, and support caregivers