Communication Skill Training for Female Online Ojek Drivers

Doing online motorcycle taxi work is required to not only be able to drive motorized vehicles, but also requires various skills and techniques to become a successful online motorcycle taxi driver, including communication skills. Communication Skill Training is aimed at 26 female online ojek drivers in the city of Surabaya. The method of implementing community service activities is experiential learning in the form of practice and also interspersed with lectures.  The results of the observation occurred a change in the attitude of the participants in communicating, for example, being more confident and wiser in word selection. In addition, the experiential learning method has proven effective for changing attitudes and improving partner communication skills.

Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar – Bites, envenoming and ophthalmia

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Toxicon on 03/06/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.023 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Examination of 18 cobras brought to three hospitals in the Mandalay Region by patients bitten or spat at by them distinguished 3 monocled cobras (Naja kaouthia) and 15 Mandalay spitting cobras (N. mandalayensis), based on their morphological characteristics. We confirm and extend the known distributions and habitats of both N. mandalayensis and N. kaouthia in Upper Myanmar. Clinical symptoms of local and systemic envenoming by N. mandalayensis are described for the first time. These included local swelling, blistering and necrosis and life-threatening systemic neurotoxicity. More information is needed about the clinical phenotype and management of bites by N. mandalayensis, the commoner of the two cobras in Upper Myanmar. Since the current cobra antivenom manufactured in Myanmar has lower pre-clinical efficacy against N. mandalayensis than N. kaouthia, there is a need for more specific antivenom therapy.Published versio