PROCJENA GENETSKOG ODSTUPANJA MEĐU NAPREDNIM LINIJAMA BRASSICAE NAPUS L

A field experiment was conducted with 22 Brassica napus L. advanced lines at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to study the genetic variation among advanced lines of Brassica napus L. during November 2008 to March 2009. The genotypes were significantly different for all the characters studied except for days to 80% maturity. The characters days to 80% maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, number of siliqua per plant and seed yield per plant showed higher influence of environment whereas, siliqua length and 1000-seed weight showed the least. Moreover, the number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, number of siliqua per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant showed moderate broad base heritability while plant height exhibited the highest heritability. The significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant was found in plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of siliqua per plant. However, the highest significant positive correlation was found between days to 50% flowering and plant height. Path coefficient analysis showed that the plant height had maximum positive direct effect on seed yield followed by number of siliqua per plant and siliqua length. Plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of siliqua per plant were the most important contributors to seed yield per plant which could be taken into consideration in future hybridization program.Od studenog 2008. do ožujka 2009. obavljeni su poljski pokusi s 22 napredne linije Brassicae napus L. na pokusnoj farmi Sher-e-Bangla Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Dhaki, radi istraživanja genetskog odstupanja među naprednim linijama Brassicae napus L. Genetski su se značajno razlikovale u svim istraživanim značajkama osim dana do 80% zrelosti. Značajke dana do 80% zrelosti, visina biljke, broj primarnih grančica po biljci, broj sjemenki po komušci, broj komušaka po biljci i prinos sjemena po biljci pokazale su veći utjecaj okoline dok su duljina komuške i težina 1000-sjemenki pokazali najmanji. Osim toga, broj primarnih grančica po biljci, broj sekundarnih grančica po biljci, duljina komuške, broj sjemenki po komušci, broj komušaka po biljci, težina 1000-sjemenki i prinos sjemena po biljci pokazali su umjereno široku osnovnu nasljednost, dok je visina biljke pokazala najveću nasljednost. Značajna pozitivna korelacija s prinosom sjemena po biljci nađena je u visini biljke, broju primarnih grančica po biljci i broju komušaka po biljci. Međutim, najviša značajna pozitivna korelacija nađena je između dana do 50% cvjetanja i visine biljke. Analiza koeficijenta kretanja pokazala je da je visina biljke maksimalno pozitivno direktno djelovala na prinos sjemena i zatim na broj komušaka po biljci i duljinu komušaka.Visina biljke, broj primarnih grančica po biljci i broj komušaka po biljci bili su najvažniji pomagači za prinos sjemena po biljci, što treba uzeti u obzir u budućem programu hibridizacije

Genetic Divergence in Advanced Lines of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus ssp oleifera L.)

A field experiment was conducted with 22 Brassica napus L. advanced lines at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November 2008 to March 2009 to asses genetic diversity among advanced lines of Brassica napus L. Different multivariate analysis techniques were used to classify 22 Brassica napus genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters II and IV whereas the maximum intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II. Therefore, the genotypes belonging to cluster I and cluster II, cluster II and cluster III and cluster III and cluster IV have been selected for future hybridization program. The role of number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliqua per plant in both vectors were important components for genetic divergence in these materials. Considering group distance and other agronomic performance the inter-genotypic crosses between G1 and G2, G2 and G6; G6 and G7; G6 and G8 and G7 and G8 might be suggested for future hybridization program

Genetic Divergence in Advanced Lines of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus ssp oleifera L.)

A fi eld experiment was conducted with 22 Brassica napus L. advanced lines at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November 2008 to March 2009 to asses genetic diversity among advanced lines of Brassica napus L.. Diff erent multivariate analysis techniques were used to classify 22 Brassica napus genotypes. Th e genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Th e highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters II and IV whereas the maximum intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II. Th erefore, the genotypes belonging to cluster I and cluster II, cluster II and cluster III and cluster III and cluster IV have been selected for future hybridization program. Th e role of number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliqua per plant in both vectors were important components for genetic divergence in these materials. Considering group distance and other agronomic performance the inter-genotypic crosses between G1 and G2, G2 and G6; G6 and G7; G6 and G8 and G7 and G8 might be suggested for future hybridization program

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into dwarfism in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme).

Tomato, which can be eaten as a vegetable or fruit, is one of the most popular and nutritionally important crops around the world. Although most plants of the cherry tomato cultivar 'Minichal' have a normal phenotype, some plants have a stunted phenotype with reduced plant height, leaf size, and fruit size, as well as altered leaf and fruit shape. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences, we generated RNA-seq libraries from pooled leaf samples of 10 normal (N) and 10 stunted (S) plants. Using the Illumina sequencing platform, we obtained a total of 115.45 million high-quality clean reads assembled into 35,216 genes and 35,216 transcripts. A total of 661 genes were differentially expressed between N and S plants. Of these, 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated, and 221 DEGs were down-regulated. The RNA-seq data were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Enrichment analysis of DEGs using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the enriched pathways were involved in steroid biosynthesis, homologous recombination, and mismatch repair. Among these, three genes related to steroid biosynthesis, including 3BETAHSD/D2, DIM and DWF5 were down-regulated in S compared to N. Of these, DIM and DWF5 are known to be involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Our results thus provide a useful insight into dwarfism in cherry tomato, and offer a platform for evaluating related species

Transcriptome profiling of two contrasting ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) lines provides insights into purple and white inner leaf pigmentation

Abstract Background Ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is an attractive landscape plant that remains colorful at low temperatures during winter. Its key feature is its inner leaf coloration, which can include red, pink, lavender, blue, violet and white. Some ornamental cabbages exhibit variation in leaf color pattern linked to leaf developmental stage. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying changes in leaf pigmentation pattern between developmental stages. Results The transcriptomes of six ornamental cabbage leaf samples were obtained using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 339.75 million high-quality clean reads were assembled into 46,744 transcripts and 46,744 unigenes. Furthermore, 12,771 genes differentially expressed across the different lines and stages were identified by pairwise comparison. We identified 74 and 13 unigenes as differentially expressed genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and chlorophyll metabolism, respectively. Among them, three unigenes (BoC4H2, BoUGT9, and BoGST21) and six unigenes (BoHEMA1, BoCRD1, BoPORC1, BoPORC2, BoCAO, and BoCLH1) were found as candidates for the genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and chlorophyll metabolism, respectively. In addition, two unigenes (BoRAX3 and BoTRB1) as MYB candidates, two unigenes (BoMUTE1, and BHLH168-like) as bHLH candidates were identified for purple pigmentation in ornamental cabbage. Conclusion Our results indicate that the purple inner leaves of purple ornamental cabbage result from a high level of anthocyanin biosynthesis, a high level of chlorophyll degradation and an extremely low level of chlorophyll biosynthesis, whereas the bicolor (purple/green) outer leaves are due to a moderate level of anthocyanin biosynthesis, a high level of chlorophyll degradation and a very low level of chlorophyll biosynthesis. In white ornamental cabbage, the white inner leaves are due to an extremely low level or absence of anthocyanin biosynthesis, a high level of chlorophyll degradation and a very low level of chlorophyll biosynthesis, whereas the bicolor (white/green) leaves are due to a high level of chlorophyll degradation and a low level of chlorophyll biosynthesis and absence of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying inner and bicolor leaf pigmentation in ornamental cabbage and offer a platform for assessing related ornamental species

Molecular analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes reveal BoTT8 associated with purple hypocotyl of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) is a highly nutritious vegetable that typically forms pure green or purple florets. However, green broccoli florets sometimes accumulate slight purplish pigmentation due to environmental factors which reduces the market value. In the present study, we aimed to develop molecular markers to distinguish broccoli genotypes as pure green or purplish floret color at the early seedling stage. Anthocyanins are known to be involved in the purple pigmentation in plants. The purplish broccoli lines were shown to accumulate purple pigmentation in the hypocotyls of very young seedlings; therefore, the expression profiles of the structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis were analyzed in the hypocotyls using qRT-PCR. BoPAL, BoDFR, BoMYB114, BoTT8, BoMYC1.1, BoMYC1.2, and BoTTG1 were identified as putative candidate genes responsible for the purple hypocotyl color. BoTT8 was much more highly expressed in the purple than green hypocotyls, and was therefore cloned and sequenced from various broccoli lines, revealing SNP and InDel variations between these genotypes. We tested four SNPs (G>A; A>T; G>C; T>G) in the first three exons and a 14-bp InDel (ATATTTATATATAT) in the BoTT8 promoter in 51 broccoli genotypes, and found these genetic variations could distinguish the green lines, purple lines and F1 hybrids. These novel molecular markers could be useful in broccoli breeding programs to develop a true green or purple broccoli cultivar.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Development of race-specific molecular marker for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 3, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers

Race-specific molecular markers were established to distinguish Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) race 3, the causal agent of black rot disease of crucifers. The available genome sequences of Xcc races were aligned and identified three DNA fragments specific to Xcc race 3. The identified race-specific DNA fragments namely XccR3-49, XccR3-52 and XccR3-55 were used for designing the race-specific primers to detect and identify the Xcc race 3. The specificity of race-specific primers was tested against the genomic DNA extracted from Xcc (races 1-7), Xcc strains, Xc pathovars and other bacterial species. The XccR3-49, a specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer set gave a single band with 867 bp length for Xcc race 3 only. The remaining two markers such as XccR3-52 and XccR3-55 showed polymorphic amplification with amplicon size of 1889 bp and 2109 bp for Xcc race 3, respectively. Additionally, the SCAR primer set detected Xcc race 3 rapidly and efficiently in artificially infected cabbage leaves with bio-PCR. This result showed that the newly developed race-specific markers can successfully and efficiently detect and identify Xcc race 3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races, Xanthomonas species/pathovars, as well as other plant pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). Up to now, this is the first report describing the race-specific marker for the detection of Xcc race 3.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Abscisic acid and ethylene biosynthesis-related genes are associated with anthocyanin accumulation in purple ornamental cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. acephala

Purple ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a popular decorative plant, cultivated for its colorful leaf rosettes that persist in cool weather. It is characterized by green outer leaves and purple inner leaves, whose purple pigmentation is due to the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments. Phytohormones play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis in other species. Here, we identified 14 and 19 candidate genes putatively involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis, respectively, in B. oleracea. We determined the expression patterns of these candidate genes by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Among candidate ABA-biosynthesis-related genes, the expressions of BoNCED2.1, BoNCED2.2, BoNCED6, BoNCED9.1 and BoAAO3.2 were significantly higher in purple compared to green leaves. Likewise, most of the ET biosynthetic genes (BoACS6, BoACS9.1, BoACS11, BoACO1.1, BoACO1.2, BoACO3.1, BoACO4 and BoACO5) had significantly higher expression in purple compared to green leaves. Among these genes, BoNCED2.1, BoNCED2.2, BoACS11 and BoACO4 showed particularly strong associations with total anthocyanin content of the purple inner leaves. Our results suggest that ABA and ET might promote the intense purple pigmentation of the inner leaves of purple ornamental cabbage.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author