Ultraslow Electron Spin Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells Probed by Optically Pumped NMR

Optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR) measurements were performed in two different electron-doped multiple quantum well samples near the fractional quantum Hall effect ground state nu=1/3. Below 0.5K, the spectra provide evidence that spin-reversed charged excitations of the nu=1/3 ground state are localized over the NMR time scale of ~40 microseconds. Furthermore, by varying NMR pulse parameters, the electron spin temperature (as measured by the Knight shift) could be driven above the lattice temperature, which shows that the value of the electron spin-lattice relaxation time lies between 100 microseconds and 500 milliseconds at nu=1/3.Comment: 6 pages (REVTEX), 6 eps figures embedded in text; published version; minor changes to match published versio

Exploring of Antimicrobial Activity of Triphala Mashi—an Ayurvedic Formulation

Triphala Mashi is an ayurvedic formulation that was prepared in our lab. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and Triphala Mashi were used, to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Comparative phytochemical profile of Triphala and Triphala Mashi was done by preliminary phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity includes isolation of pathogens from clinical samples, its characterization, testing its multiple drug resistance against standard antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and Triphala Mashi against these organisms by using agar gel diffusion method. Triphala Mashi containing phenolic compounds, tannins exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity in relation to Triphala against all the microorganisms tested. It inhibits the dose-dependent growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, it appears that Triphala Mashi has non-specific antimicrobial activity

Response of african marigold to NPK , biofertilizers and spacings

A field experiment on African marigold (TagetserectaL.) was conducted during winter season of 2014-15 to study the effect of NPK, biofertilizers and plant spacings on growth and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn). The treatment combinations F6 100 % RDF of NPK + Azotobacter + PSB recorded the maximum longevity of intact flower (27.93), average diameter of flower (7.37 cm), average weight of flower (8.96 g) number of flowers per plant (56.54), yield of flowers per plant (515.62 g), per plot (11.93 kg) and highest flower yield ha (184.13 q). The spacing D3 (60× 60 cm) registered significant (5 %) maximum longevity of intact flower, larger size flower (7.80 cm), average weight of flower (9.14 g) and highest flower yield per plant (456.22 g). Highest flower yield per plot (10.19 kg), number of flower per plant (52.22) and per hectare flower yield (157.29 q/ha) with 60× 45 cm. These results are conclusive that application of 100 % RDF of NPK + Azotobacter+ PSB and plant spacing (60× 45 cm) may positively increase the growth and flowers yield parameters of marigold

A case series of percutaneous tension band wiring technique for fixation of fractures of olecranon and patella

There are several advantages in the treatment of fractures by means of closed reduction. Percutaneous fixation is a type of biological fixation. The aim and objectives of this study are to demonstrate the technique of percutaneous tension band wiring in cases of transverse, non- comminuted olecranon and patella fractures and to decrease the soft tissue dissection, blood loss, chances of infection and to ensure speedy mobilization using the innovative percutaneous fixation technique. This retrospective study includes ten patients of olecranon and ten patients of patella operated by the same surgeon. All patients were operated with percutaneous tension band wiring for olecranon and patella. There were six males and four females with olecranon fractures. There were seven males and three females who suffered patella fractures. The average duration of surgery was 55 minutes and average follow up was 24±6 weeks. The suture removal was done at 2 weeks. All patients had full range of movements at six weeks with significantly improved DASH score and Oxford knee score. None of the patients had any complications. Percutaneous fixation decreases the chances of bleeding secondary to unnecessary soft tissue dissection, thereby decreasing the post-operative morbidity. It also, convincingly, decreases the chances of post-operative infection and promotes early mobilization. Closed reduction with percutaneous fixation is believed to be an innovative, safe, reliable and efficient method of managing these difficult fractures

Model-based iterative reconstruction in paediatric head computed tomography : a pilot study on dose reduction in children

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) on dose reduction and image quality in children undergoing computed tomography (CT) head examinations. Material and methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. A total of 88 children (age range of 5 to 16 years) with a history of seizures underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan. Forty-one children underwent CT study according to the MBIR technique, while 47 children underwent CT of the head with the non-MBIR protocol. Images were reviewed by 2 blinded paediatric radiologists in a random order. Mean dose-length product, CT dose index (CTDI) volume, and mean effective dose were recorded for both groups. Image quality, image noise, and diagnostic acceptability of 2 image sets were also recorded. Results: In the MBIR group, the mean dose-length product was reduced by 79.8%; the mean CTDI volume was reduced by 88.5%, while the mean effective dose was reduced by 81% when compared to the non-MBIR group. No significant difference was seen in diagnostic acceptability, image noise, and image quality between the 2 groups. Conclusions: MBIR technique is highly effective in reducing radiation dose in paediatric head CT examinations without any significant difference in image quality, image noise, and diagnostic acceptability

Cytotoxic Effect of Poly-Dispersed Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Erythrocytes In Vitro and In Vivo

Single wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) are hydrophobic and do not disperse in aqueous solvents. Acid functionalization of SWCNTs results in attachment of carboxy and sulfonate groups to carbon atoms and the resulting acid functionalized product (AF-SWCNTs) is negatively charged and disperses easily in water and buffers. In the present study, effect of AF-SWCNTs on blood erythrocytes was examined. Incubation of mouse erythrocytes with AF-SWCNTs and not with control SWCNTs, resulted in a dose and time dependent lysis of erythrocyte. Using fluorescence tagged AF-SWCNTs, binding of AF-SWCNTs with erythrocytes could be demonstrated. Confocal microscopy results indicated that AF-SWCNTs could enter the erythrocytes. Treatment with AF-SWCNTs resulted in exposure of hydrophobic patches on erythrocyte membrane that is indicative of membrane damage. A time and dose dependent increase in externalization of phosphatidylserine on erythrocyte membrane bilayer was also found. Administration of AF-SWCNTs through intravenous route resulted in a transient anemia as seen by a sharp decline in blood erythrocyte count accompanied with a significant drop in blood haemoglobin level. Administration of AF-SWCNTs through intratracheal administration also showed significant decline in RBC count while administration through other routes (gavage and intra-peritoneal) was not effective. By using a recently developed technique of a two step in vivo biotinylation of erythrocytes that enables simultaneous enumeration of young (age <10 days) and old (age>40 days) erythrocytes in mouse blood, it was found that the in vivo toxic effect of AF-SWCNTs was more pronounced on older subpopulation of erythrocytes. Subpopulation of old erythrocytes fell after treatment with AF-SWCNTs but recovered by third day after the intravenous administration of AF-SWCNTs. Taken together our results indicate that treatment with AF-SWCNTs results in acute membrane damage and eventual lysis of erythrocytes. Intravenous administration of AF-SWCNTs resulted in a transient anemia in which older erythrocytes are preferably lysed

Skyrmion Dynamics and NMR Line Shapes in QHE Ferromagnets

The low energy charged excitations in quantum Hall ferromagnets are topological defects in the spin orientation known as skyrmions. Recent experimental studies on nuclear magnetic resonance spectral line shapes in quantum well heterostructures show a transition from a motionally narrowed to a broader `frozen' line shape as the temperature is lowered at fixed filling factor. We present a skyrmion diffusion model that describes the experimental observations qualitatively and shows a time scale of $\sim 50 \mu{\rm sec}$ for the transport relaxation time of the skyrmions. The transition is characterized by an intermediate time regime that we demonstrate is weakly sensitive to the dynamics of the charged spin texture excitations and the sub-band electronic wave functions within our model. We also show that the spectral line shape is very sensitive to the nuclear polarization profile along the z-axis obtained through the optical pumping technique.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure