Finite Element Analysis of Steam Turbine Rotor of 210 MW Power Plant

The steam turbine rotor is subjected to temperature variations in during start up and stop cycle which occurs in short intervals of time. This variation in temperature induces transient thermal stresses in the rotor due to large temperature gradients. The transient stresses occur due to change in the material properties like Young’s modulus of elasticity, coefficient of expansion, thermalconductivity, Poisson’s ratio, specific heat etc. The estimation of transient thermal stresses becomes essential before designing the rotor. The turbine rotor is subjected to thermal as well as mechanical stresses.This paper investigates finite element analysis of 210 MW steam turbine rotorsfor transient thermalloading. The rotor was made of 30Cr1Mo1V.The highpressure turbine model was prepared using CAD software (PRO-E). The model was solved using a 1 Degree slice model as the rotor was Axis-Symmetric about the axis of rotation. The FE modelwas analyzed for transient thermal stresses using Ansys 11. The Von misses stresses were highest at the 11th stage(Groove) at a time step of 12000secs (200 min) during 9 hours cold start up cycle. The transient thermal stresses were found to be much higher than the steady state thermal stresses

Effect of Polyamines on Storability and Quality of Pomegranate Fruit (Punica granatum L.) Cv. Bhagwa

Pomegranate cv. Bhagawa fruits harvested at adequate stage of maturity were dipped in aqueous solutions containing various concentrations of the polyamines putrescine (1mM, 2mM and 3mM) and spermidine (0.5mM, 1mM and 1.5mM), along with Tween-20 as a surfactant, for 5 minutes. The fruits were then stored at 5°C and 8°C temperature with under 90-95% relative humidity. Polyamine-treated fruits showed reduced chilling-injury, weight loss and respiration rate during storage at these 5°C and 8°C temperatures. An increasing trend in total soluble solids (TSS) content, and a decreasing trend in acidity were found in polyamine-treated fruits during storage at 5°C and 8°C temperature. Maximum reduction in chilling-injury was obtained with putrescine (2mM) at both the storage temperatures. Control fruits stored at 5°C and 8°C temperature rapidly developed chilling-injury developed symptoms of brown discoloration of skin and weight-loss in pomegranate fruits

Antioxidant Composition of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Beverage Blended with Black-Carrot Juice

An investigation was undertaken to study guava beverage blended with black-carrot juice, during 2011-2012. Enzyme-assisted processing of guava significantly improved the juice yield, total soluble solids, titratable acidity pH, ascorbic acid and sugars by using pectinase enzyme. The blending of guava beverage with black carrot juice significantly improved the functional properties of the guava RTS. Anthocyanin and ascorbic contents of blended guava RTS with black-carrot juice decreased with advancement of storage condition and period

Nutraceutical Composition of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) Juice: Effect of Enzyme-Assisted Processing

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of pre-press maceration treatment with cell-wall degrading enzyme, pectinase, on antioxidant composition of ber juice, during 2011-2012. Enzyme-assisted processing significantly (p<0.05) improved antioxidant composition of ber juice. Ber juice extracted using pectinase had richer nutraceutical composition than in the Control. There was an overall increase of 43% in juice yield, 30% in total phenolics and 37% in total flavonoids with use of pectinase. In vitro total antioxidant activity (AOX) in ber juice was 19.58μmol Trolox/ml in Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 13.44μmol Trolox/ml in Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) assay. There was 41-65% increase in total AOX of ber juice extracted with the enzyme overstraight pressed juice. Results indicated that tailoring of the enzyme can yield antioxidant-rich juice products

Analytical method development and validation of olmutinib bulk drug as per ICH Q2 guidelines by using RP-HPLC Method

RP-HPLC is fast, simple, sensitive, precise, and reproducible (liquid chromatography) method, developed and validated to analyseolmutinib bulk dosage form. Using C-18 HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at ambient temperature. During separation mobile phase consist of methanol (100 v/v) was delivered at a rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 267.68 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameters like, precision, limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration ranges from 50-100 μg/mL (r2 =0.999). Retention time for bulk olmutinib was found to be 9.349 min. LOQ of method was 5.8540 μg/mL and LOD 3.0536μg/mL. Thus, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be robust and rugged which can be applied for the regular analysis of olmutinib in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form. Keywords: C18, RP-HPLC, Methanol, Olmutini

Spectrophotometric Determination of Olmutinib in Bulk by Area under Curve and First Order Derivative Methods and its Validation as per ICH guidelines

Abstract: A simple, precise and economical UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Olmutinib from bulk. Two methods were developed First method (A) applied was area under curve (AUC) in which the area was integrated in wavelength from 262-272nm. Second method (B) was first order derivative spectrometric method. In this method absorbance at λmin=256.57nm, λmax=282.83nm and zero cross=267.68nm was measured. Calibration curves were plotted for the method by using instrumental response at selected wavelength and concentration of analyte in the solution. In both the methods, linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-12µg/ml at the λmax=267.68nm. Accuracy and precision studies were carried out and results were satisfactorily obtained. The drug at each of the 80 %, 100 % and 120 % levels showed good recoveries that is in the range of 98.00 to 99.00% for both methods, hence it could be said that the method was accurate. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined for the method. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable limit. The developed method was successfully applied to estimate the amount of Olmutinib in pharmaceutical formulation

Treatment of synthetic textile wastewater containing dye mixtures with microcosms

The aim was to assess the ability of microcosms (laboratory-scale shallow ponds) as a post polishing stage for the remediation of artificial textile wastewater comprising two commercial dyes (basic red 46 (BR46) and reactive blue 198 (RB198)) as a mixture. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) on the water quality outflows; the elimination of dye mixtures, organic matter, and nutrients; and the impact of synthetic textile wastewater comprising dye mixtures on the L. minor plant growth. Three mixtures were prepared providing a total dye concentration of 10 mg/l. Findings showed that the planted simulated ponds possess a significant (p < 0.05) potential for improving the outflow characteristics and eliminate dyes, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in all mixtures compared with the corresponding unplanted ponds. The removal of mixed dyes in planted ponds was mainly due to phyto-transformation and adsorption of BR46 with complete aromatic amine mineralisation. For ponds containing 2 mg/l of RB198 and 8 mg/l of BR46, removals were around 53%, which was significantly higher than those for other mixtures: 5 mg/l of RB198 and 5 mg/l of BR46 and 8 mg/l of RB198 and 2 mg/l of BR46 achieved only 41 and 26% removals, respectively. Dye mixtures stopped the growth of L. minor, and the presence of artificial wastewater reduced their development

Drug-Initiated Synthesis of Cladribine-Based Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles: Biological Evaluation and Structure Activity Relationships

International audienceBy using two reversible deactivation radical polymerization techniques, either nitroxide-mediated polymerization or reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, the "drug-initiated" approach was applied to cladribine (CdA) as an anticancer drug to synthesize small libraries of well-defined and self-stabilized CdA-based polymer prodrug nanoparticles, differing from the nature and the molar mass of the grown polymer, and the nature of the linker between CdA and the polymer, thus allowing structure-cytotoxicity relationships to be determined. Their biological evaluation was investigated in vitro on L1210 cancer cells. The preparation of fluorescent CdA-based nanoparticles with excellent imaging ability was also reported by applying the "drug-initiated" approach to an aggregation-induced emission-active dye

Ruthenium oxide-carbon-based nanofiller-reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites and their supercapacitor applications.

In this review article, we have presented for the first time the new applications of supercapacitor technologies and working principles of the family of RuO2-carbon-based nanofiller-reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites. Our review focuses on pseudocapacitors and symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors. Over the last years, the supercapacitors as a new technology in energy storage systems have attracted more and more attention. They have some unique characteristics such as fast charge/discharge capability, high energy and power densities, and long stability. However, the need for economic, compatible, and easy synthesis materials for supercapacitors have led to the development of RuO2-carbon-based nanofiller-reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites with RuO2. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript was to review RuO2-carbon-based nanofiller-reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites with RuO2 over the last 17 years