Maxillary dental arch width changes by extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment among angle’s class I malocclusion patients

This study examined the pretreatment and post treatment dental arch width changes between the extraction and non-extraction cases in Angle’s class I patients. Sixty pre-treatment and post-treatment dental casts from 30 extractions and 30 non-extractions participants were selected for the study. The inter-canine and inter-molar maxillary arch width were measured by Vernier gauge caliper. An unpaired t-test was performed to evaluate the arch width changes between extraction and non-extraction groups. The results showed that inter-molar and inter-canine maxillary arch widths in the non-extraction group were slightly higher than those in the extraction group in both pre- and post-treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the extraction and non-extraction techniques used in orthodontic treatment did not change the inter-caning and inter-molar arch widths

Underweight, overweight and obesity among reproductive Bangladeshi women : a nationwide survey

The double burden of malnutrition is becoming more prevalent among Bangladeshi women. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were examined among women aged 15–49 years using the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). A dataset of 20,127 women aged 15–49 years with complete Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements were extracted and categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. A multiple logistic regression that adjusts for clustering and sampling weights was used to examine underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive age Bangladeshi women. Our analyses revealed that the odds of being overweight and obese were higher among women who completed primary and secondary or more levels of education, rich households, breastfeeding women, and women exposed to media (newspapers and television (TV). Women from the poorest households were significantly more likely to be underweight (AOR = 3.86, 95%CI: 2.94–5.07) than women from richer households. The likelihood of being underweight was higher among women with no schooling, adolescent women, and women not using contraceptives. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity was higher among educated and affluent women while underweight was higher among women from low socioeconomic status, indicating that tailored messages to combat overweight and obesity should target educated and affluent Bangladeshi women while improving nutrition among women from low socioeconomic status

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF BETA BLOCKERS AND ANGIOTENSIVE RECEPTOR BLOCKERS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Objective: There is highly co-incidence between hypertension and insulin resistance which is the important causative factor to develop diabetes mellitus (DM). There is paucity of data to establish the effect of beta-blockers and ARB on blood glucose level in Indian population. Therefore the present study was planned to search so that confederation among Indian population in a teaching hospital. Methods: The research study was carried out in 85 hypertensive patients without diabetes visiting the OPD of University teaching hospital (Majeedia hospital) New Delhi. Blood glucose levels and drug history of hypertensive patients were observed during four month of study. Results: The gender distribution of hypertensive patients reveals a higher percentage of incidences in males (53%) as compared to females (47%). Hypertensive patient without diabetes mellitus (DM) on beta blockers shows higher incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (13.3%) and DM (5%) as compared to patient receiving ARBs as antihypertensive therapy. There was proportionate increase in incidence as the duration of therapy. None of the patients who were on angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reported any incidence of IGT or DM. Conclusion: Beta blockers  may be the risk factor to develop diabetes mellitus type 2 on long term use as an antihypertensive therapy. There were no any incidence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus found in case of patients taking ARBs as an antihypertensive therapy so it can be safely prescribe in hypertensive patients associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Key Words: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Impaired glucose tolerance, Beta blockers and ARBs

Involvement of potassium channels in hypoglycemic effect of sertraline

120-122Effect of 21 days administration of sertraline (30 mg/kg, po) in streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, ip) induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats produced hypoglycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Pinacidil (1mg/kg, po), when co-administered with sertraline or glimepiride antagonized the decrease in glucose levels in diabetic rats. Pinacidil (10 -6-10-3 M) produced dose dependent relaxation (EC50 -1.58×10-5M). Neither sertraline nor glimepiride had any effect on the resting tension of ileum preparation. Both sertraline and glimepiride antagonized competitively the pinacidil-induced relaxation. The pA2 values of sertraline and glimepiride reversal of pinacidil-induced relaxation were 5.5 and 6.2 respectively. These studies suggest the involvement of K+ channels in hypoglycemic effects of sertraline

Cardioprotective potential of simvastatin in the hyperhomocysteinemic rat heart

The present study investigated the probable role of simvastatin, 3-hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, in abrogated cardioprotection in hyperhomocysteinemic (Hhcy) rat hearts. Isolated Langendorff′s perfused normal and Hhcy rat hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia (I) followed by 120-min reperfusion (R). Assessment of myocardial damage was done by measuring infarct size and analyzing the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) in coronary effluent. In addition, the oxidative stress in the heart was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion generation. I/R produced myocardial injury in normal and Hhcy rat hearts by increasing myocardial infarct size, LDH and CK in coronary effluent and oxidative stress. Hhcy rat hearts showed enhanced myocardial injury and high oxidative stress as compared to normal hearts. Treatment with Simvastatin (10 μMol) afforded cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts as assessed in terms of reductions in myocardial infarct size, LDH and CK levels in coronary effluent and oxidative stress. The reductions in the high degree of oxidative stress may be responsible for the observed cardioprotection afforded by simvastatin against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts

Effect of combined treatment of thioperamide with some antiepileptic drugs on methionine-sulfoximine induced convulsions in mice

858-860Methionine-sulfoximine (MSO), a convulsant is known to increase the activity of histamine N-methyl transferase. The effect of a selective H3 receptor agonist R- ( ) methylhistamine (RAMH) and antagonist (thioperamide, THP) and some antiepileptic drugs (gabapentin and sodium valproate) have been evaluated on MSO-induced convulsions in mice. The effect of THP was also evaluated in combination with these antiepileptic drugs. Sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, po) and gabapentin (400 mg/kg, po) offered protection against MSO-induced convulsions as evidenced by a significant prolongation of latency to abnormal dorsoflexion and complete protection against mortality within 6 h of administration. THP (15 mg/kg, ip) alone and in combination with sub-effective doses of gabapentin (75 mg/kg, po) and sodium valproate (75 mg/kg, po) revealed no significant differences from the control group or either drug alone. Hence, the convulsant action of MSO does not appear to be mediated via histaminergic mechanisms

A 14-years old boy having excessive overjet and traumatic bite

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old male came to the outpatient Department with the complaints of proclination of the tooth and inability to close his lips. The patient was psychologically depressed for his facial appearance. Extraoral clinical examination showed a mesocephalic symmetrical face with convex facial profile as well as his lower lip was trapped The  nasolabial angle was acute. His mandibular movement was normal and there was no temporomandibular joint dysfunction

A 14-years old boy having excessive overjet and traumatic bite

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old male came to the outpatient Department with the complaints of proclination of the tooth and inability to close his lips. The patient was psychologically depressed for his facial appearance. Extraoral clinical examination showed a mesocephalic symmetrical face with convex facial profile as well as his lower lip was trapped The  nasolabial angle was acute. His mandibular movement was normal and there was no temporomandibular joint dysfunction