A Usability Assessment of Pakistani Universities/Institutions Websites

Websites are playing a very important role in field of information Technology. Usability is also of much importance in exploring the websites. The objective of this paper is assessing the usability of the websites of the Pakistani Universities and giving the idea of developing the websites of the universities/institutions fulfilling the user needs. Different parameters were analyzed in light of usability in the websites of different universities in Pakistan. It was evaluated that these universities websites have the errors in the parameters not following the rules of usability. The usability of websites of different universities/institutions of Pakistan can be improved applying the one rule for every factor so that the user can encounter every task easily with no tedious effort and confusion. These rules of usability should be announced by the government and the universities should be limited in these rules to facilitate the fresh and experienced users

To Highlight the Usability Issues in the Bangladesh Universities Websites

Websites are the mean of exploring the information from the internet and have a significance role in the field of internet. Usability also plays an important role in the exploration of the websites. The objective of this paper is to highlight the usability issues in the Bangladesh universities websites and giving the suggestions about the usability of the websites regarding its fulfillment of the rules and provide an easy way for the user to use the website smoothly and with no time consumption. After checking of some parameters regarding the usability of the websites, it was concluded that some websites have the rules fulfillment gap due to which a user is not facilitated properly in exploration these sites. There is one university which completely follows the rules according to the mentioned parameters regarding the usability. It was concluded that all websites should be developed around the fixed rules and regulations and they should strictly follow these rules in facilitating the new and experienced users

Exploring the Usability of the Pakistani Medical Colleges/Universities Websites

Websites have a great role in the field of internet. Usability has also a precious value in navigating the websites. The objective of this paper is exploring the usability of Pakistani Medical Colleges/Universities and providing the idea of developing the websites in such a way that it fulfilled the user requirements and are easy for the user in using/accessing these sites. Different parameters were checked regarding the usability in the websites of different Medical Colleges/Universities in Pakistan. It was analyzed that these Colleges/ Universities have some gaps in light of usability not following the rules. The usability of can be enhanced by applying the one fixed rule for every aspect so that the user can meet every task easily with no boring exertion and perplexity. The rules should be from government side limiting the sites to be restrictive to these rules entertaining the every type of user

Microscopic detection of chloroplast transgenic plastids using fluorescent probe

Background: Fluorescent marker genes have modernized many areas of molecular biology, specifically in plant biotechnology and genetic engineering studies. The use of fluorescent proteins permits the scientists to purify the desired clones visually in transformation work. Green fluorescent protein (gfp) derived from Aequorea victoria has been the most common and favorite fluorescent marker which is being widely used as a visual selection marker gene. It can be easily visualized under UV light without the involvement of any substrate and is non-destructive as well.Method: A species-specific chloroplast transformation vector was constructed with gfp as a fluorescent marker gene. The recombinant vector was biolistically integrated in tobacco plastome and transgenic cells were initially screened on spectinomycin containing regeneration medium.Results: The successful plastome integration was verified by using cellular DNA from drug resistant clones in PCR and southern blotting. The expression of gfp in transplastomic clones was microscopically investigated using simple florescent as well as confocal laser scanning microscopes.Conclusion: Regeneration of transgenic plants was significantly helped by visual identification of fluorescent at different stages of development, also enabling to identify the homozygous and heterozygous tissues. No toxic effect of the gfp was observed and lack of toxicity as maintained by normal phenotypic performance of plants.

Eradication of advanced pelvic hydatid bone disease after limb salvage surgery - 5-year follow-up: a case report

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Echinococcosis is produced by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus; it is a parasitic disease which is seen rarely in humans and has adverse outcomes. We report a case of advanced pelvic hydatid bone disease with successful limb salvage surgery. Our patient had a 5-year follow-up without recurrence which is a rarity as per the literature. Early diagnosis and prompt medical therapy are necessary for effective management whereas delayed diagnosis is always fraught with the risk of recurrence and sepsis. CASE PRESENTATION: In 2009, a 30-year-old woman, native of Karachi (Sindhi ethnicity), presented at our clinic with history of a pathological fracture 11 years earlier. Her fracture was initially misdiagnosed and fixed. Subsequently she had persistent disease that progressed with time. Following this she underwent multiple surgeries and the diagnosis of hydatid disease was made but despite multiple debridements and medical therapy she was not cured and finally she was offered a hemipelvectomy (limb sacrifice). On presentation to our hospital she was counseled regarding options of hemipelvectomy versus a limb salvage form of modified internal hemipelvectomy and wide margin resection. She opted for limb salvage. She underwent internal hemipelvectomy with wide margin resection of soft tissue and proximal femur along with postoperative albendazole therapy. She was able to walk again after a very long period. Currently she is 5-years postreconstructive surgery. She is infection free and ambulant without support. CONCLUSIONS: Hydatid bone disease is a rare entity in our part of the world but a careful history and thorough look at the initial images of our patient would have led to the suspicion of pathologic fracture and subsequent early diagnosis of this difficult problem. A second important learning point in this case was the lack of early referral to a center where this difficult problem could have been handled effectively. This could have minimized the physical, mental and financial stress to the patient and her family

Impact of On-Job Training on Performance of Telecommunication Industry

This research is about On-Job training and Performance of organization. It discusses the importance of training and its output, which is very necessary for individual performance and over all organizational performance. In this research study, various variables, which are the outcome of Training, have been taken into account. Further, more the relationship of all those variables with the over all organizational performance has been studied. A structural model has been developed according to the results and relationship of these variables. The research will add a significant figure to the performance of organization and will raise the importance and value of training in organizations. The results are applicable to all type of organizations and will help managers to make their firms more productive and stable

Exploring the Role of Female Empowerment in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development: an Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Method Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the empowerment of rural women in the context of sustainable tourism development, identify the factors that influence their empowerment, examine the impact of women's empowerment on sustainable tourism development, and explore innovative approaches to empower rural women.   Theoretical Framework: This study combines four factors that influence women's empowerment, namely women's entrepreneurship, education, social capital, and human capital, to form a theoretical framework based on empowerment theory, and uses the empowerment of women as a mediator to explore the elements that impact the sustainable growth of rural tourism.   Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed research method was employed, starting with qualitative research, where 11 relevant interviews were conducted to gain a preliminary understanding of the factors affecting women's empowerment and the sustainability of rural tourism. Subsequently, a 68-item survey questionnaire was used in the quantitative research stage. A total of 340 responses were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha, and validation factor analysis was used to assess its validity. Structural analysis and equation modeling (SEM) techniques were used to test the hypotheses of the study.   Findings: The study shows that women's entrepreneurship, education, human and social capital have a positive impact on women's empowerment and sustainable growth of rural tourism. Women's empowerment mediates the relationship between these factors and sustainable development of rural tourism, which also positively impacts sustainable community, economic, environmental, and cultural development. Therefore, promoting women's empowerment and enhancing their access to education and resources are essential for achieving sustainable growth of rural tourism and community development.   Research, Practical & Social implications: This study proposes a new theoretical framework that includes female entrepreneurship, education, social capital, and human capital to fill the gap in knowledge. The development of women in rural tourism is also crucial for society's progress towards civilization, and policies and incentives should be implemented to encourage their participation and ensure their effective involvement. This will contribute to the growth and sustainable development of China's rural tourism industry.   Originality/value: This research provides valuable insights into the role of women's empowerment, education, human capital, and social capital in driving sustainable rural tourism development.Furthermore, this research has a significant impact on how Chinese farmers participate in rural tourism in the future, providing insights into rural revitalization efforts. This study underscores the importance of innovative research in driving perspectives on rural tourism and empowering women, which are essential elements for the sustainable development of rural communities

Comparative predictive value of three prognostic markers--S-phase fraction, PCNA and mitotic count on axillary lymph node metastasis in carcinoma breast

Background: Axillary lymph node metastasis is the single most important prognostic factor in carcinoma of the breast. Therefore, prognostic markers that may reliably predict probability of lymph node (LN) metastases are of great value. This study was conducted to compare the predictive value of two novel prognostic / proliferative markers i.e. S-phase fraction (SPF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in parallel with mitotic index. Methods: Data of consecutive cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast diagnosed from July 2003 to July 2004 at the section of the Histopathology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, were reviewed. A total of 112 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast with axillary LN sampling were selected. SPF was calculated by flow cytometry while PCNA staining was done by immunohistochemistry. Mitotic count was calculated according to modified Bloom and Richardson’s grading guidelines. Result: It was observed that the number of axillary LN metastases was increased with higher SPF (p value: 0.008). However no significant difference was found between the results of various categories of PCNA on axillary LN metastases (p value: 0.182) and mitotic count with axillary lymph node metastases (p value: 0.324). Conclusion: It was concluded that mitotic count and / PCNA alone cannot be used in predicting axillary LN metastases. SPF was found to be a more reliable marker compared to PCNA reactivity and conventional mitotic count in predicting axillary LN metastases