The Role of Foreign Banks in Emerging Banking Sector in the Developing Countries like Pakistan

Banking sector plays a significant role in the development of a country, that’s why the financial advisors of the country place a high priority on the growth of the banking sector. Efficient banking system gives direction to the basic policies regarding micro and macro level stability and instability. There is a huge body of literature which confirms that banking system is an important indicator of economic growth. Even some early literature has found an active correlation between financial development and economic growth. Some recent research literature has also concluded that financial development increases the economic growth. Majority of governments are working towards the opening up of their banking system for foreign banks to increase competition, which in turn reduces the administrative costs, lowering banks rate of return and decreasing net interest margins. Researchers, academics and policy makers are studying the impacts of foreign bank entry in the domestic markets. Some researchers have found that foreign bank entry has different impacts in different economies and it is hinged upon the economic development level. Keywords: Profitability Efficiency, Domestic Banks, Foreign Bank

Profitability and Efficiency of Foreign and Domestic Banks: A Case Study of Pakistan

This study examines the profitability and efficiency of domestic and foreign banks of Pakistan during 2006-2010. The type of ownership of banks was divided into domestic and foreign banks. To measure the profitability and efficiency, we used interest spread, net interest margin, return on equity and return on assets and non-interest income to total assets and net interest income to total assets ratios. This study used the secondary data obtained from Financial Statements Analysis of Financial Sectors 2006-2010 published by State Bank of Pakistan. By applying different tests, we have found that although foreign banks are performing very good but the net result show that the profitability of domestic banks was higher and better as compared to foreign banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Profitability Efficiency, Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks

The Profitability and Efficiency of Foreign and Domestic Banks: A Mode of Economic Development

For developing countries it is necessary to have a sound banking system in the growth framework since banking system has tremendous influence on the growth in the early stages. Pakistan initiated its banking reforms in the 1990s and allowed many foreign banks to open their branches in the different cities. Foreign banks entry in the financial markets of Pakistan had a positive and healthy influence on the performance and profitability of the domestic banking sector. Some researchers have compared the performance of domestic and foreign banks from 1988-1995 in the context of developed and developing countries. In developing countries, not adequate research has been conducted but a lot has been written about the effect of financial reforms conducted in various capacities. Keywords: Profitability Efficiency, Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks, Economic Developmen

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AS SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR: FINDINGS FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

Agricultural production plays an important role both in national and global economies. The efficient and safe methods of sustainable agricultural production is crucial, and the use of information technology is imperative to meet this end. Among the available information technology tools, this study highlights the IT based cognitive solutions supported with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for sustainable solutions in the agriculture sector of developing economies. For this purpose, a systematic review of 87 papers has been conducted in the chosen last 20 years from 2000 to 2019 to identify the major trends, challenges, limitation related to the applicability of AI supported cognitive solutions in the agricultural industry of developing countries. The results derived from the systematic literature review represents some major flaws in the existing technological & cognitive solutions being used for agriculture means in the developing economies, with special emphasis on the lack of advanced AI techniques that are required for development of robust and precise farming methods. This is due the farmers’ inability to use sustainable technological solutions that are limited by the high cost of available technological tools. Moreover, contrary to other disciplines of science, a human expertise is scare and very costly in the agriculture industry. Hence, there is a need to actively introduce the concept of AI in the agriculture sector by making AI more viable and affordable for the farming community in the developing economies. Besides, there is also a need to create a centralized AI model for the agriculture industry which will integrate AI into a single central system for the entire economy that could be used in various enterprises of the agriculture industry.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AS SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR: FINDINGS FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

Agricultural production plays an important role both in national and global economies. The efficient and safe methods of sustainable agricultural production is crucial, and the use of information technology is imperative to meet this end. Among the available information technology tools, this study highlights the IT based cognitive solutions supported with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for sustainable solutions in the agriculture sector of developing economies. For this purpose, a systematic review of 87 papers has been conducted in the chosen last 20 years from 2000 to 2019 to identify the major trends, challenges, limitation related to the applicability of AI supported cognitive solutions in the agricultural industry of developing countries. The results derived from the systematic literature review represents some major flaws in the existing technological & cognitive solutions being used for agriculture means in the developing economies, with special emphasis on the lack of advanced AI techniques that are required for development of robust and precise farming methods. This is due the farmers’ inability to use sustainable technological solutions that are limited by the high cost of available technological tools. Moreover, contrary to other disciplines of science, a human expertise is scare and very costly in the agriculture industry. Hence, there is a need to actively introduce the concept of AI in the agriculture sector by making AI more viable and affordable for the farming community in the developing economies. Besides, there is also a need to create a centralized AI model for the agriculture industry which will integrate AI into a single central system for the entire economy that could be used in various enterprises of the agriculture industry.

The impacts of ICT on the students’ Performance: A Review of Access to Information

The study was on the Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the students and his/her information to access in the Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan. A sample of 50 respondents (students) was selected from the department of Political science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. However, related literatures were reviewed from textbooks, journals and past researches. The research instruments were questionnaire which was statically analyzed with contingency tables while the hypotheses were tested by using the mean statistic. The results of the present study showed a diverse response of the student regarding the impact of ICT’s on the students and their access to information

PREVALENCE OF LIBRARY ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

This study aimed to explore the frequency of library anxiety among the medical students (first year to fourth year) of Khyber Medical College (KMC), one of the oldest medical institutes of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Out of 1500 populations of the study, data were collected from 306 students using a convenient sampling technique. The AQAK library anxiety instrument was used to measure the respondents’ library anxiety level and significance differences with respect to respondents’ gender and their level/year of study. The study found that the respondents’ library anxiety level with respect to ‘‘library staff’ were little higher than the ‘user knowledge’. This study also reported that no significance difference was found between the male and female students with respect to library anxiety. However, the library anxiety mean score for the first-year students were little higher than the final year students. This study has not only filled a gap in the literature with respect to examining the library anxiety of medical students in the study context, but would also help the competent authority and medical librarians to formulate effective strategic plan to overcome the library anxiety level among the medical students, improve library services and provide users education

WIRELESS HAND GESTURE ROBOT USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

To build RF based hand gesture robot which can be controlled through RF technology, where the decision of the gesture will be taken on behalf of image processing in MATLAB. To control the motion of the robot i.e. moving forward, moving backward, moving left and moving right. Moreover the information regarding direction will also be displayed on the transmitter end. In this system microcontroller is used as a central part to control the movement and direction of the Robot. The movement of the robot is controlled by hand gesture, the robot moves at a particular direction where hand gives a gesture. In this system for the detection of hand movement, DIP(digital image processing) tool is used which detect the hand and give information to the microcontroller which gives command to the transmitter. The transmitter transmits the desire signal to receiver side. The receiver gives command to microcontroller on the receiver side and the robot moves toward the desire place or direction. Â

Employee Discipline Management: How to Pursue Disciplinary Actions Effectively and Legally in The Workplaces

Abstract: Taking action against troubled employees is very important. The organization's failure to act immediately indicates that negative behavior can be accepted or approved by management. If this situation occurs and persists, disciplinary action becomes more complicated and difficult. Problematic behavior requires an effective and accurate response from management by evaluating fairness as well as legally. This issue needs to be addressed wisely. so that the actions taken have a positive impact and motivate employees. Hence this study aims to how management should act in managing disciplinary problems in an effort to create workplace harmony