A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude regarding the Play Needs of Toddlers among Parents in a Selected Hospital of New Delhi

Introduction: Since ages, play is considered to be an essential aspect for a child’s overall development including physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. The play needs of a child keep changing with the different stages of growth and development. For a healthy development of the child, it is important to assess and acknowledge the different play needs of children at different stages. Definitely, there can be no one better than the parents who can understand the play needs and facilitate them accordingly. Hence a need was felt to conduct a study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the play needs of toddlers among parents. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the play needs of toddlers among parents in a selected hospital of New Delhi.Materials and Methods: The research approach selected for the study was quantitative. A descriptive survey design was selected. A total of 50 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection comprised a structured knowledge questionnaire and structured attitude scaleto assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the play needs of toddlers among parents, respectively.Results: The findings related to knowledge revealed that 52% of the parents of toddlers had good knowledge while 48% had an average knowledge regarding the play needs of toddlers. In terms of attitude, 92% of the parents of toddlers had a highly favorable attitude while 8% had a moderately favorable attitude regarding the play needs of toddlers.Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of the parents had good knowledge and a highly favorable attitude regarding the play needs of toddlers

Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence (UI) among Women in a Selected Community of New Delhi

Introduction: UI is one among the commonest problem faced by the women. The prevalence of UI worldwide ranges from 10% to 40%. It is a chronic condition which carries an enormous stigma. This stigma and lack of knowledge on urinary incontinence and the importance of performing pelvic floor exercises adversely affects the health in women. Pelvic floor muscle exercise is the most preferred method in managing urinary incontinence in all age groups and it is a non-Pharmacological, non-invasive method which in addition to that it is an easy method to practice and economical to follow by all age groups.The researcher felt the need to do the study on the effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise (PFME) for the treatment of Urinary Incontinence (UI) among women in a selected community of New Delhi with the objectives:• To assess the Pre- test urinary incontinence in Control & Experimental group.• To Implement the Pelvic floor Muscle Exercise on Experimental group.• To assess the Post –test urinary incontinence in control & experimental group.• To assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises in treatment of urinary incontinence.Materials and Methods: An experimental study with pre-test and post-test control group design was used for the study. The study was conducted in Sangam Vihar community. The total population of the study consisted of women in the age group of 50-70 years having Urinary Incontinence. Systematic random sampling technique was adopted to select 60 women who met the inclusion criteria; 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group. Pre and post intervention (Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise) Urinary Incontinence was assessed in the group with the help of Standardized assessment tool ICIQ-LUTS long form & 1 hour Pad testing.Result: The findings of the study revealed that in experimental group there was a significant reduction in the mean difference score of urinary tract symptoms from pre-test -post test mean difference score of (2.20) with the SD of (4.131) when compared to the control group where mean difference score was ( -0.37) with the SD (1.829). The t value was computed and found to be 3.112 which was greater than the table value of 2.00 at df (58) at 0.05 level of significance. The mean difference score proved that the pelvic floor muscle exercise was effective in reducing the symptoms in experimental group as compared to control group. There was significant reduction in the mean difference score of impact of urinary tract symptoms (20.63) with the SD of (30.07) in the experimental group when compared to the control groups where mean difference score was (1.566) with the SD of (6.806). The t value was computed and found to be 3.391 which was greater than the table value of 2.00 at df (58) at 0.05 level of significance. The mean difference score of pad weight was (0.156) with the SD (0.292) in the experimental group where in control group mean difference score was (-0.010) with the SD of 0.257. The t value was computed and found to be 2.343 which was greater than the table value of 2.00 at df (58) at 0.05 level of significance, showing that PFME was effective in the treatment of UI in experimental group.Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise is effective in treatment of Urinary Incontinence among women in the age group of 50 to 70 years

A Methodological Study to Develop Chemotherapy Spill Kit for Spill Management and Assess Its Acceptability among Nurses in Oncology Wards of a Selected Hospital of New Delhi

Introduction: “Chemotherapy Spill Kit (CSK)” is a kit with various configurations and contents designed for safe and fast clean-up of chemotherapy drug spills in accordance with standard guidelines. Thus, nurses can minimize exposure to hazardous drugs with the use of personal protective equipment and carefultechnique with the use of this kit. Hence, these spill kits should be available wherever chemotherapy is located.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to develop a CSK and validate the kit and assess the acceptability of CSK among the nurses in oncology wards of the selected hospital.Methodology: The conceptual framework of the present study was based on integrating models of diffusion of innovations, which was first proposed by Barbara Wejnert, which consists of characteristics of innovations, characteristics of innovators, and environmental characteristics. Quantitative researchapproach and methodological research design was used. Tools used for data collection comprised of rating scale criteria to validate the items of CSK by 11 experts from the field of medical-surgical nursing and oncology and to assess the acceptability of CSK among nurses. Non-probability purposive samplingwas adopted to select the sample. The study was conducted on 60 nurses working in oncology wards of Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi.Result: The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to validate items of CSK. Following validation by the experts, the acceptability of the CSK was assessed.The major findings of the study showed a very positive validation by all the experts with mean CVI score of 0.98, median 1.00, mode of 1.00 and standard deviation of 0.11772. CVI score of more than 0.78 was considered to be valid for this study. From an acceptability perspective, 100% of the subjects found CSK to be highly acceptable.Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the study was a positive validation of CSK by 11 experts and an overwhelming acceptability of the CSK. Further all the study subjects opined for the need of CSK in oncologywards for safe management of cytotoxic spills in order to prevent occupational hazards

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of E-Module on High-Alert Medications in Terms of Knowledge among Student Nurses in a Selected College of Nursing in Delhi

Introduction: Use of medications is central to modern healthcare, and nearly all patients visiting a hospitalwill receive one or more medicines during their hospital stay or upon discharge. Medication use is a complexprocess and includes intervention by several health personnel, for example, physicians, pharmacists,nurses and student nurses to ensure safety of the patient.1.High-alert medicines have been proven to besafe and effective when taken properly. But they can cause injury if a mistake happens while taking them.This means that it is vitally important to know about these medicines and take them exactly as intended.2Methodology: The research approach selected for the study was quantitative approach with pretestposttestdesign. Convenient sampling was used for the selection of 60 student nurses from Rufaida Collegeof Nursing to evaluate their knowledge on high-alert medications. The tool developed and used for datacollection was a structured knowledge questionnaire on high-alert medications to assess the knowledgeof student nurses on high-alert medications. E-module on high-alert medications was developed by theresearcher and administered to student nurses.Results: The present study revealed that the e-module was an effective method of teaching in nursing.The mean posttest knowledge score (44.03) was higher than the mean pretest knowledge score (30.23)with a mean difference of (13.8). It indicated gain in knowledge by the student nurses. The obtained meandifference was found to be statistically significant as evident from the ‘z’ value of 8.8193 at 0.05 level ofsignificance. There was no significant association between knowledge of student nurses on high-alertmedications with their selected demographic variables like age, educational qualification, percentage inclass attendance, marks obtained in previous exam, and area of domicile.Conclusion: E-module on high-alert medications was found to be effective in improving the knowledgeof student nurses on high-alert medications. There was significant difference found in the pretest andposttest mean scores of student nurses. It shows that the e-module on high-alert medications was effectivein enhancing the knowledge of student nurses on high-alert medications

A Study to assess the Prevalence and Reasons for Smoking and Alcohol Use among Students of Selected Colleges of New Delhi

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and reasons of smoking and alcohol use among students of selected colleges.Method: The research approach selected for the study was quantitative. A descriptive survey design was selected to identify the prevalence and reasons for smoking and alcohol use. Sample was selected by simple random sampling for finding the prevalence, and purposive sampling was used to find out the reasons for smoking and alcohol use. The tool used for data collection was a structured questionnaire to assess the prevalence and reasons for smoking and alcohol use.Results: Findings on prevalence revealed that 24% students were smokers and 18% were alcohol users. The most accepted reason for smoking and alcohol use was to look mature that is 75% and 72.22% respectively and the second most accepted reason for smoking was to get motivated and feel confident, while for alcohol use it was to feel relaxed.Conclusion: The study concluded that less than one fourth of the students were smokers and alcohol users and majority of the students were smoking and taking alcohol to look mature

シンキ セルロース ユウドウタイ ノ ゴウセイ トクセイ オヨビ キタイ トウカセイ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第13842号工博第2946号新制||工||1435(附属図書館)26058UT51-2008-C758京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻(主査)教授 増田 俊夫, 教授 中條 善樹, 教授 木村 俊作学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of EngineeringKyoto UniversityDFA

Computational-based identification and analysis of globally expressed differential genes in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cell lines

Ovarian Cancer (OVCA) is the most occurring gynecological cancer worldwide, often diagnosed at a later stage and ultimate results in a high death rate. To overcome this serious health concern, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms and equally significant to identify the putative biomarkers as well as the therapeutic drug targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of OVCA. In doing so, a strategy is designed to study the most frequently diagnosed cases of OVCA called as High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) cell lines with the combination of computational biology, biostatistics and cancer informatics approaches. This study is directed to investigate the global gene expression profiling, and to perform the analyses of identified global Differently Expressed Genes (DEGs) of OVCA. The microarray dataset (GSE71524) is comprised of tumor and cell line samples of OVCA and it was used for the identification of DEGs in the current study. The STRING database was used to construct Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of DEGs, and hub genes were identified by the CytoHubba. In addition, a functional enrichment analysis of up- and down-regulated DEGs was performed by a bioinformatics database called as DAVID. The microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) analyses were conducted with the aid of biological tools, MAGIA and GenCOdis3, respectively. As a result, the genes comprised of CSF1R, TYROBP, PLEK, FGR, ACLY, ACACA, LAPTM5, C1 or f162, IL10RA and CD163 were identified as hub genes. Additionally, miRNA analysis resulted in finding an association of zinc finger protein with OVCA comes out after implementing different algorithms. On the other hand, in the TFs analysis resulted in various DEGs that were enriched by NFAT, NF1 and GABP TFs. In this study, it was observed that ACACA, ACLY and CSF1R DEGs showed significant occurrence in different steps, and therefore, these genes were studied, precisely. Nevertheless, the results may help to discover the potential biomarkers with deep understanding of molecular mechanisms. However, further validation is required to explain the OVCA pathogenesis