Training & Development Practices in National Bank of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to explore the training & development practices in National Bank of Pakistan (NBP). Different levels of officers are providing training & development opportunities in NBP. Data collected from different staff colleges of NBP. Result of this study shows, bank is providing training & development opportunities to its employees, but there is still gap which should be addressed. Training need analysis is not sufficient. Most of the trainers belong to operational background and they are unable to provide the sufficient training to develop the good employees. Bank does not have sufficient T&D plan for the top-level management

Combining Ability and Heteroses Analysis for Seed Yield and Yield Components in Brassica napus L.

Line × tester analysis of three testers and five lines of Brassica napus L. were used to estimate combining ability and heterosis of plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Significant mean squares of treatments for yield components and seed yield indicated significant genetic variations among the genotypes including parents and their crosses. Parents Vs crosses mean square indicated, average heterosis was significant for all the traits except plant height. Line × tester mean square was significant for all the traits. High GCA to SCA ratio; indicated the prime importance of additive genetic effects for all traits except seed yield per plant. Significant positive general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were observed. Most of the crosses had significant positive over better parent heterosis of seed yield, indicating that these hybrids were suitable candidates for improving these traits using combination method. Key words: Combining ability, Heteroses, Line × Tester, Brassica napus L

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Temperature in the Punjab Province, Pakistan

Identifying the temperature change at a regional level is one of the essential parameters to determine the intensity of climate change. The current investigation provides an examination of changing trends of temperature in the Punjab province from 1970 to 2019. Sen's slope estimator method is applied to monthly data of mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) to calculate the rate of temperature change. Statistical methods were used to find out the level of significance in terms of negative or positive trends to examine the variability among various weather observatories. Moreover, predicted values have also been observed for a detailed analysis of temperature variability and trends. Significant and pronounced changes in the mean temperature (T mean) are distinguished all over the Punjab regions with an increasing trend from North to South Punjab. In the case of maximum temperature (Tmax), a faster rate of rising in temperature is observed over the Southern and Western regions of Punjab. In contrast, the minimum temperature (Tmin) shows an increasing trend in Central Punjab. The findings provide detailed insight to policymakers for the planning of mitigating efforts and adaptation strategies in response to climate change

Predator- Prey Interaction In Plant –Associated Ecosystems. Effect On Plant Fitness And Trophic Cascade

Predator-prey interactions in plant-associated ecosystems play a crucial role in shaping ecosystem dynamics and stability. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the implications of these interactions, highlighting the intricate web of relationships among predators, herbivores, and plants. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining predator-prey interactions for ecosystem stability and functioning. Trophic cascades initiated by predator-prey interactions have been shown to regulate herbivore populations, indirectly benefiting plant communities. However, human activities can significantly impact predator populations and trophic cascades, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to preserve these important ecological dynamics. The integration of molecular techniques and modeling approaches can enhance our understanding of trophic cascades in plant-associated ecosystems. Conservation strategies aimed at promoting predator diversity and enhancing plant fitness are essential for maintaining ecosystem stability and promoting sustainable management of plant-associated ecosystems. Further research is needed to investigate the complex dynamics of predator-prey interactions and trophic cascades, as well as to develop effective conservation strategies to preserve these important ecological dynamics

Isolated tuberculous thyroiditis as solitary thyroid nodule

Isolated involvement of the thyroid by tuberculosis is very rare as reported in literature. We are presenting a case of isolated tuberculous thyroiditis presented as a solitary thyroid nodule. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous regimen and he responded well with disappearance of the nodule and normalization of the thyroid scan

Effective Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste as Substitute for Natural Resources in Cement Industry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the municipal solid waste (MSW) composition of Peshawar city and its affective utilization for energy purpose in the cement industry. A total 14 days consecutive testing of MSW samples was conducted for winter and summer periods for the purpose of evaluation of the waste composition followed by calculating its heating values. Compliance level of MSW at source was determined which was based upon the questionnaire distribution followed by the financial analysis and feasibility evaluation of the project. The results revealed that the average waste composition of the samples consists of organic waste contents (20.72%), combustible items (37.86%), readily saleable items (20.95%) and other miscellaneous waste items (20.46%). Moreover, the samples were then tested for the evaluation of calorific value and it was found that the heating value of MSW is recorded up to 35513 KJ/Kg whereas; the value for coal is around 38000 KJ/Kg. These findings revealed that the replacement of coal by MSW may be more efficient and might be effectively utilized in the production of cement as the energy production of MSW and coal is nearly same. In addition, the utilization of MSW as a replacement of coal has a great potential of enhancing the service life of the landfills. Besides, NPV analysis of this study revealed that the project is worthwhile to be implemented as it shows high returns regarding financial aspects

Perspectives of Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Quality of Life

The characteristics of entrepreneurial orientation is played important role in business. How do an entrepreneurial firms and individuals have taken the advantage in industry? This study explores the dynamic capabilities of the organization according to international performance. Our findings indicates the positive impact on dynamic capabilities of the business with perfectly use of this research framework. The main aspect of this paper is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life. Distinctive features of entrepreneurs and their contribution to the economy can make it possible for third world countries to grow their economies faster and provide financial means to enhance social, health, and environmental well-being (basic dimensions of quality of life), along with products and services that the poor need in these countries. Entrepreneurial orientation combined with organization learning and Quality of life (QOL) are enhanced the dynamic capability of the organization. Present conceptual research will provide the source of competitive advantage and mainstream line for further development of the business .We suggest that existing literature reconfiguring the different approaches for the entrepreneurial to capture the opportunities in world business. First, quality of life cannot possibly improve in inactive or weakening economic conditions; second, economic development in the third world countries cannot advance in a balanced and desirable manner without a major domestic entrepreneurship movement (Samli 2004, 2008a)