Supplemental Organic Manures and Foliar Application of Magic Growth Improve the Productivity of Transplanted Rice with Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers integrated with organic manures have proven as a better fertilizer management option for continuous crop productivity and improved soil fertility. An experiment was conducted to observe the growth and yield performances of transplanted aman rice as influenced by different organic manures under reduced chemical fertilizers conditions. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. ½ NPK (recommended dose of NPK for rice), full NPK, green manure (GM) + ½ NPK, poultry manure (PM) + ½ NPK, cowdung (CD) + ½ NPK, quick compost (QC) + ½ NPK, vermicompost (VC) + ½ NPK, magic growth (MG) + ½ NPK. This study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant morphological characters, yield and different yield contributing traits were significantly influenced in different treatments. It was observed that, except for the total dry matter production and effective tiller hill-1, plant height, number of filled grain panicle-1, grain and straw yield were the highest with the treatment VC + ½ NPK. In our study, panicle length and 1000-grain weight of rice were also found to be the highest in VC + ½ NPK treatment, which was statistically similar with other ½ NPK + manure treatments. In overall observation, manure integrated treatments performed well compared to ½ NPK fertilization. Better performances were documented when VC was used in combination followed by QC and GM compared to ½ NPK fertilization

Supplemental Organic Manures and Foliar Application of Magic Growth Improve the Productivity of Transplanted Rice with Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers integrated with organic manures have proven as a better fertilizer management option for continuous crop productivity and improved soil fertility. An experiment was conducted to observe the growth and yield performances of transplanted aman rice as influenced by different organic manures under reduced chemical fertilizers conditions. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. ½ NPK (recommended dose of NPK for rice), full NPK, green manure (GM) + ½ NPK, poultry manure (PM) + ½ NPK, cowdung (CD) + ½ NPK, quick compost (QC) + ½ NPK, vermicompost (VC) + ½ NPK, magic growth (MG) + ½ NPK. This study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant morphological characters, yield and different yield contributing traits were significantly influenced in different treatments. It was observed that, except for the total dry matter production and effective tiller hill-1, plant height, number of filled grain panicle-1, grain and straw yield were the highest with the treatment VC + ½ NPK. In our study, panicle length and 1000-grain weight of rice were also found to be the highest in VC + ½ NPK treatment, which was statistically similar with other ½ NPK + manure treatments. In overall observation, manure integrated treatments performed well compared to ½ NPK fertilization. Better performances were documented when VC was used in combination followed by QC and GM compared to ½ NPK fertilization

バングラデシュ ノ チュウトウ リカ キョウイク ニ タイスル ジョシ セイト ノ キヒ ケイコウ ノ チョウサ ダンジョ ノ ヒカク オ トオシテ

バングラデシュ人民共和国の中等理科教育における,女子生徒の「理科」に対する忌避傾向の理由を調べるために,バングラデシュの中等学校の生徒および教師に対してアンケート調査を行った。アンケート調査は,グレード9および10(中等学校)の270名の生徒および87名の教師を対象に,選択式および自由記述式の項目を用意して行った。必要に応じて生徒の両親に対しても,インタビュー形式で同様の調査を行った。アンケート調査の結果から,バングラデシュの文化的および社会的な背景が,女子生徒の理科に対する忌避傾向に強く影響していることがわかった。また科学技術分野で活躍する女性の科学者や技術者がバングラデシュに極端に少ないこと,理科を学習する女子生徒に対する十分な家族のサポートが期待できないこともあり,そのようなことが女子生徒の理科に対する意欲を失わせていることが判明した。これらの女子生徒の理科に対する忌避傾向をなくすためには,女子生徒に対する理科の学習意欲の向上,両親達の良心の向上などが不可欠である。また女子生徒に対する奨学金の充実や,関連する科学技術分野への登用などの政策立案も加えて必要である。This study has been done to find out the reasons of backwardness of girl students studying in science. Open and close type questionnaire were used to collect data from both students and teachers. Data have been collected from 270 grade 9 and grade 10 students and 87 secondary school teachers. Data were also collected from the students\u27 parents by the interview method. However in Bangladesh Cultural and social backwardness have strong influence for the girls\u27 less enrollment in science. Also there is lack of motivation for girl students because the prominent woman scientist or worker in the science related field is very few. There is not enough family support for the girl students to study science. So the eradication of these reasons for backwardness, motivation creation for girl students and conscience among the parents should be raised. Also the policy maker should take steps such as the female science stipend project and increasing of job quota for the woman in science related field.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Improving accountability for equitable health and well-being in urban informal spaces: Moving from dominant to transformative approaches

This article critically reviews the literature on urban informality, inequity, health, well-being and accountability to identify key conceptual, methodological and empirical gaps in academic and policy discourses. We argue that critical attention to power dynamics is often a key missing element in these discourses and make the case for explicit attention to the operation of power throughout conceptualization, design and conduct of research in this space. We argue that: (a) urban informality reflects the exercise of power to confer and withhold advantage; (b) the dominant biomedical model of health poorly links embodied experiences and structural contexts; (c) existing models of accountability are inadequate in unequal, pluralistic governance and provision environments. We trace four conceptual and empirical directions for transformative approaches to power relations in urban health equity research

Bioinformatics and System Biology Techniques to Determine Biomolecular Signatures and Pathways of Prion Disorder

Prion disorder (PD) is caused by misfolding and the formation of clumps of proteins in the brain, notably Prion proteins resulting in a steady decrease in brain function. Early detection of PD is difficult due to its unpredictable nature, and diagnosis is limited regarding specificity and sensitivity. Considering the uncertainties, the current study used network-based integrative system biology approaches to reveal promising molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PD. In this study, brain transcriptomics gene expression microarray datasets (GSE160208 and GSE124571) of human PD were evaluated and 35 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. By employing network-based protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis on these DEGs, 10 central hub proteins, including SPP1, FKBP5, HPRT1, CDKN1A, BAG3, HSPB1, SYK, TNFRSF1A, PTPN6, and CD44, were identified. Employing bioinformatics approaches, a variety of transcription factors (EGR1, SSRP1, POLR2A, TARDP, and NR2F1) and miRNAs (hsa-mir-8485, hsa-mir-148b-3p, hsa-mir-4295, hsa-mir-26b-5p, and hsa-mir-16-5p) were predicted. EGR1 was found as the most imperative transcription factor (TF), and hsa-mir-16-5p and hsa-mir-148b-3p were found as the most crucial miRNAs targeted in PD. Finally, resveratrol and hypochlorous acid were predicted as possible therapeutic drugs for PD. This study could be helpful in better understanding of molecular systems and prospective pharmacological targets for developing effective PD treatments