Supplemental Organic Manures and Foliar Application of Magic Growth Improve the Productivity of Transplanted Rice with Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers integrated with organic manures have proven as a better fertilizer management option for continuous crop productivity and improved soil fertility. An experiment was conducted to observe the growth and yield performances of transplanted aman rice as influenced by different organic manures under reduced chemical fertilizers conditions. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. ½ NPK (recommended dose of NPK for rice), full NPK, green manure (GM) + ½ NPK, poultry manure (PM) + ½ NPK, cowdung (CD) + ½ NPK, quick compost (QC) + ½ NPK, vermicompost (VC) + ½ NPK, magic growth (MG) + ½ NPK. This study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant morphological characters, yield and different yield contributing traits were significantly influenced in different treatments. It was observed that, except for the total dry matter production and effective tiller hill-1, plant height, number of filled grain panicle-1, grain and straw yield were the highest with the treatment VC + ½ NPK. In our study, panicle length and 1000-grain weight of rice were also found to be the highest in VC + ½ NPK treatment, which was statistically similar with other ½ NPK + manure treatments. In overall observation, manure integrated treatments performed well compared to ½ NPK fertilization. Better performances were documented when VC was used in combination followed by QC and GM compared to ½ NPK fertilization

Supplemental Organic Manures and Foliar Application of Magic Growth Improve the Productivity of Transplanted Rice with Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers integrated with organic manures have proven as a better fertilizer management option for continuous crop productivity and improved soil fertility. An experiment was conducted to observe the growth and yield performances of transplanted aman rice as influenced by different organic manures under reduced chemical fertilizers conditions. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. ½ NPK (recommended dose of NPK for rice), full NPK, green manure (GM) + ½ NPK, poultry manure (PM) + ½ NPK, cowdung (CD) + ½ NPK, quick compost (QC) + ½ NPK, vermicompost (VC) + ½ NPK, magic growth (MG) + ½ NPK. This study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant morphological characters, yield and different yield contributing traits were significantly influenced in different treatments. It was observed that, except for the total dry matter production and effective tiller hill-1, plant height, number of filled grain panicle-1, grain and straw yield were the highest with the treatment VC + ½ NPK. In our study, panicle length and 1000-grain weight of rice were also found to be the highest in VC + ½ NPK treatment, which was statistically similar with other ½ NPK + manure treatments. In overall observation, manure integrated treatments performed well compared to ½ NPK fertilization. Better performances were documented when VC was used in combination followed by QC and GM compared to ½ NPK fertilization

バングラデシュ ノ チュウトウ リカ キョウイク ニ タイスル ジョシ セイト ノ キヒ ケイコウ ノ チョウサ ダンジョ ノ ヒカク オ トオシテ

バングラデシュ人民共和国の中等理科教育における,女子生徒の「理科」に対する忌避傾向の理由を調べるために,バングラデシュの中等学校の生徒および教師に対してアンケート調査を行った。アンケート調査は,グレード9および10(中等学校)の270名の生徒および87名の教師を対象に,選択式および自由記述式の項目を用意して行った。必要に応じて生徒の両親に対しても,インタビュー形式で同様の調査を行った。アンケート調査の結果から,バングラデシュの文化的および社会的な背景が,女子生徒の理科に対する忌避傾向に強く影響していることがわかった。また科学技術分野で活躍する女性の科学者や技術者がバングラデシュに極端に少ないこと,理科を学習する女子生徒に対する十分な家族のサポートが期待できないこともあり,そのようなことが女子生徒の理科に対する意欲を失わせていることが判明した。これらの女子生徒の理科に対する忌避傾向をなくすためには,女子生徒に対する理科の学習意欲の向上,両親達の良心の向上などが不可欠である。また女子生徒に対する奨学金の充実や,関連する科学技術分野への登用などの政策立案も加えて必要である。This study has been done to find out the reasons of backwardness of girl students studying in science. Open and close type questionnaire were used to collect data from both students and teachers. Data have been collected from 270 grade 9 and grade 10 students and 87 secondary school teachers. Data were also collected from the students\u27 parents by the interview method. However in Bangladesh Cultural and social backwardness have strong influence for the girls\u27 less enrollment in science. Also there is lack of motivation for girl students because the prominent woman scientist or worker in the science related field is very few. There is not enough family support for the girl students to study science. So the eradication of these reasons for backwardness, motivation creation for girl students and conscience among the parents should be raised. Also the policy maker should take steps such as the female science stipend project and increasing of job quota for the woman in science related field.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

Navigating tensions in climate change-related planned relocation

The planned relocation of communities away from areas of climate-related risk has emerged as a critical strategy to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Empirical examples from around the world show, however, that such relocations often lead to poor outcomes for affected communities. To address this challenge, and contribute to developing guidelines for just and sustainable relocation processes, this paper calls attention to three fundamental tensions in planned relocation processes: (1) conceptualizations of risk and habitability; (2) community consultation and ownership; and (3) siloed policy frameworks and funding mechanisms. Drawing on the collective experience of 29 researchers, policymakers and practitioners from around the world working on planned relocations in the context of a changing climate, we provide strategies for collectively and collaboratively acknowledging and navigating these tensions among actors at all levels, to foster more equitable and sustainable relocation processes and outcomes

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardized protocol and definition. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population-attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identified risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington, KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education, and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Improving accountability for equitable health and well-being in urban informal spaces: Moving from dominant to transformative approaches

This article critically reviews the literature on urban informality, inequity, health, well-being and accountability to identify key conceptual, methodological and empirical gaps in academic and policy discourses. We argue that critical attention to power dynamics is often a key missing element in these discourses and make the case for explicit attention to the operation of power throughout conceptualization, design and conduct of research in this space. We argue that: (a) urban informality reflects the exercise of power to confer and withhold advantage; (b) the dominant biomedical model of health poorly links embodied experiences and structural contexts; (c) existing models of accountability are inadequate in unequal, pluralistic governance and provision environments. We trace four conceptual and empirical directions for transformative approaches to power relations in urban health equity research

Application area of conical sections of the parabola in the area of light reflection

This work, structured in two main parts, is devoted to the parabola topic. In the first, the elements of a parabola are reviewed by linking the definition of intersection of a plane and a cone with a locus of the plane. The necessary part for calculation of the elements as a curve in space are pointed out as well as historical notes and properties of light reflection are included. In the second part, the applications of parabola conic in many parts of physics. A project based on the reflection of light is proposed that seeks to connect various subjects in line with the new educational paradigm of development of key competencies, joining different fields of knowledge