Prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes among postpartum gestational diabetes mellitus mothers in Besut, Terengganu, 2018-2019

Age estimation is useful for human identification 1 and in determining legal age for criminal responsibility.2.Both applications are related to local legal requirements and can be applied to ageing both human remains and living people

BoneMicro-CT Assessments in an Orchidectomised RatModel Supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia

Recent studies suggested that Eurycoma longifolia, a herbal plant, may have the potential to treat osteoporosis in elderly male. This study aimed to determine the effects of Eurycoma longifolia supplementation on the trabecular bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats (androgen-deficient osteoporosis model). Forty-eight-aged (10–12 months old) Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of sham-operated (SHAM), orchidectomised control (ORX), orchidectomised + 7mg/rat testosterone enanthate (TEN) and orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 30 mg/kg (EL30), orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 60 mg/kg (EL60), orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 90 mg/kg (EL90). Rats were euthanized following six weeks of treatment. The\ud left femora were used to measure the trabecular bone microarchitecture using micro-CT. Orchidectomy significantly decreased connectivity density, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number compared to the SHAM group. Testosterone replacement reversed all the orchidectomy-induced changes in the micro-CT parameters. EL at 30 and 60 mg/kg rat worsened the trabecular bone connectivity density and trabecular separation parameters of orchidectomised rats. EL at 90 mg/kg rat preserved the bone volume. High dose of EL (90 mg/kg) may have potential in preserving the bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats, but lower doses may further worsen the osteoporotic changes

Sample size calculations made easy using G*Power

G*power is a free software that helps researchers to calculate the sample size needed when conducting a research. The importance of sample size calculation is imperative for the knowledge of researchers. Sample size is very important in designing and planning a successful research as it involves time and financial planning. What is best about the G*power is that researchers can plan the real sample size according to their study design, such as minimum sample size for regression analysis with three predictor variables. This technique is commonly used when researchers need a quick decision on: “What is the sample size needed for an analysis?” This brief book illustrates how sample size is calculated based on specific statistical test. The step-by-step and simple discussions through simple presentation and easy-to-understand language used in this book help researchers to understand better about the sample size calculations. http://www.penerbit.usm.my/index.php/buku/261-sample-size-calculations-made-easy-using-g-powe

Analysis of Tweed’s facial triangle in mixed dentition children with class III malocclusion treated by two different appliances

Reverse twin-block (RTB) and reverse pull face mask (RPFM) are two commonly used orthodontic appliances to treat Class III malocclusions in mixed dentition children

Identification of amelogenin gene on burnt teeth samples through nested polymerase chain reaction amplification for sex identification

Sex determination is one of the basic components in victim identification. This study aims to ascertain the sex of an individual from burnt teeth samples exposed at different temperature and time through nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the amelogenin (AMEL) sex marker, to calculate the specificity and sensitivity, and to compare with previous relevant studies. A total of 17 teeth samples was subjected to burning at different temperatures ranging from 100°C to 500°C, at 2 to 10 minutes. The whole tooth was used for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction by phenol-chloroform method. All samples were quantified for DNA concentration and then analyzed with nested PCR using two pairs of AMEL primer and results of sex typing were recorded. Out of 17 samples, genomic DNA extracted from 6 samples have concentrations ranging from 27.3 – 130.6 ng/μL. Nested PCR could amplify 16 samples for AMEL gene. Sex typing using AMEL gene showed 76.47% accuracy. Sensitivity of AMEL primer was increased from 6.67% to 63.64% using nested PCR technique; specificity of both external and internal primer was reported at 100%. Nested PCR of AMEL gene proved to be a suitable method for unequivocal determination of sex from degraded DNA samples

Biostimulatory effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on rate of orthodontic tooth movement and associated pain, applied at 3-week intervals: A split-mouth study

Objective: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a noninvasive modality to stimulate bone remodeling (BR) and the healing of hard and soft tissues. This research evaluates the biostimulatory effect of LIPUS on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and associated pain, when applied at 3-week intervals.Methods: Twenty-two patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age 19.18 ± 2.00 years) having Angle\u27s Class II division 1 malocclusion needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited for this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. After the initial stage of alignment and leveling with contemporary edgewise MBT (McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi) prescription brackets (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, Calif) of 22 mil, followed by extractions of premolars bilaterally, 6 mm nickel-titanium spring was used to retract the canines separately by applying 150 g force on 0.019 × 0.025-in stainless steel working archwires. LIPUS (1.1 MHz frequency and 30 mW/cm2 intensity output) was applied for 20 minutes extraorally and reapplied after 3 weeks for 2 more successive visits over the root of maxillary canine on the experimental side whereas the other side was placebo. A numerical rating scale- (NRS-) based questionnaire was given to the patients on each visit to record their weekly pain experience. Impressions were also made at each visit before the application of LIPUS (T1, T2, and T3). Models were scanned with a CAD/CAM scanner (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of canine movement and pain intensity between both the groups.Results: No significant difference in the rate of canine movement was found among the experimental (0.90 mm ± 0.33 mm) and placebo groups (0.81 mm ± 0.32 mm). There was no difference in pain reduction between experimental and placebo groups (p \u3e 0.05).Conclusion: Single-dose application of LIPUS at 3-week intervals is ineffective in stimulating the OTM and reducing associated treatment pain

Antibacterial efficacy of Salvadora persica as a cleansing teeth towards Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli colonies

Salvadora persica is a traditional chewing stick for cleaning teeth that it is known Siwak. Several studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial effects of Salvadora persica. Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of Salvadora persica in several modified preparation against the salivary Streptoccocus mutans and Lactobacilli. Methods: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial study with crossover design was used. The study comprised of 5 groups, per group consisted of 14 healthy dental students who had good oral hygiene. Each participant was given 5 intervention to clean their teeth using, electric toothbrush modified with siwak, electric toothbrush with siwak toothpaste (colgate kayu sugi toothpaste), electric toothbrush with general toothpaste (colgate total toothpaste), original siwak chewing stick and normal saline. The wash out periode each intervention was 3 days. Patients’ saliva was used to quantify the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli using caries risk test (CRT) kit from Vivadent. Results: The results showed that there was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli risk score after cleansing different intervention except electric toothbrush modified with siwak. However, there was no significant difference for Streptococcus mutans (p=0.158) and Lactobacilli (p=0.396) risk score reduction when comparison was done between the groups. Conclusion: The original siwak chewing stick has antimicrobial effects similar to toothbrushing with general toothpaste and salvadora persica toothpaste. However, electric toothbrush modified with siwak has no effect on microbial reduction

Hardness of Flowable Resin Composite from Rice Husk / Nazrul M. Yusoff ...[et al.]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hardness of two experimental dental flowable resin composites (FRCs) from rice husk in comparison to other commercial flowable resin composites. The nanohybrid silica used as the filler for the experimental FRCs was extracted from rice husk. Two commercial FRCs namely Filtek Z350 flow and Tetric N flow and the experimental FRCs with different loading of Bis-GMA at 50 % (EC50B) and 40 % (EC40B) were used. Ten cylindrical specimens (5 x 2mm) for each material were prepared in acrylic mould, light cured and polished. Prior to hardness test, all the composites were immersed in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The Vickers’ hardness number (VHN) was measured using Vickers’ hardness tester and their surface morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett T3 post hoc test. Results showed that Filtek Z350 flow was statistically significantly higher in regards to VHN compared to the other FRCs tested. There was no statistically significant difference in VHN between the Tetric N flow and the two experimental FRCs. SEM showed a well distributed embedded spherical filler particle in all FRCs. In conclusion, the two experimental FRCs were comparable to Tetric N flow however Filtek Z350 flow exhibited the highest hardness. This was possibly attributed to different filler loading. Between the experimental composites, EC40B had a higher hardness which can be explained by dilution effect on monomer system. In general, mechanical properties improved with increased filler loading and dilution of base monomer

Dental variation in Malaysian populations with application to human identification/ Mohd Fadhli Bin Khamis.

"December 2005"Bibliography: leaves 333-334.2 v. : ill. (some col.), maps (col.), plates (col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dental School, 200

Age estimation based on pulpal changes in 14 – 25 years old.

Secondary dentin formation is a slow continuous process that occurs following completion of dental development which leads to a continuous decrease in the size of pulp cavity. Changes in the pulp size of young permanent teeth with completed root formation provide an alternative and additional biomarker for age estimation. This study was conducted to explore the association between pulp size and chronological age in Malay young adults with respect to different sides and sex. Orthopantomograms of 165 healthy Malay males and females each with an age ranging from 14 to 24 years old were used. Pulpal changes were evaluated by calculating the ratios of measured length and width of tooth and root of mandibular canines: the pulp/root width at three levels i.e. root and pulp width at CEJ level (A), root and pulp width midway between measurements A and C (B); and root and pulp width midway between apex and CEJ(C). The ratios were measured using Vixwin Pro 2000 version 1.5. Pulp changes between the right and left canines were tested using paired t-test and showed bilateralism trend. A multiple regression analysis indicated that sex and tooth ratios did not make significant contribution to the prediction of age. This study illustrates the symmetrical trend and lack of sexual dimorphism of pulp changes with weak correlation between pulpal size and chronological age in Malay young adults