Adsorption of Pb(II) onto xanthated and hydrogen peroxide modified rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder / Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat Khalir

Two types of chemical modifications on rubber leaf powder were performed in order to evaluate the Pb(II) adsorption capacity by xanthation and oxidation processes. Pb(II) adsorption study was investigated under batch and fixed bed column modes. The amount of Pb(II) adsorbed increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial Pb(II) concentration but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and temperature for xanthated rubber leaf powder (XRL) and hydrogen peroxide rubber leaf powder (HPRL). The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) by XRL and HPRL were fitted well with pseudo second order model suggesting that chemisorption could be the rate determining step in Pb(II) adsorption. The equilibrium time was achieved within 60 min for XRL and 90 min for HPRL. Adsorption of Pb(II) followed Langmuir isotherm model with the monolayer adsorption capacities of 166.7 mg/g by XRL and 52.6 mg/g by HPRL, respectively. The optimum adsorption process occurred at pH 4, shaking rate of 120 stroke/min and temperature of 303 K. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic for both adsorbents. The amount of Pb(II) adsorbed decreased in the presence o f Cu(II) ions. Pb(II) ions showed higher selectivity compared to Cu(II) ions in the binary systems. EDTA was more effective in releasing Pb(II) from XRL surface than HC1 but HPRL desorbed well in HC1. Possible mechanisms involved in the Pb(II) adsorption by XRL and HPRL were ion exchange, complexation and physical adsorption as supported by FTIR spectra, thermodynamic, ion exchange and desorption studies. Fixed bed column data was fitted well with the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models with correlation coefficients of (R ) > 0.96 for both adsorbents

Bioactive compounds from sterm bark of Entada Spiralis RIDL

Introduction: Entada spiralis Ridl. (Leguminoceae) which is locally known as beluru or sintok is a liana or woody climber that grows wildly in Malaysia. The isolation and characterisation of the major chemical constituents from the bioactive extract of the stem bark of E. spiralis has been carried out. Our previous study revealed that the methanol extract was active against dermatophytes that causes skin infections. Strains of dermatophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton tonsurans ATCC 28942 and Microsporum gypseum ATCC 24102 were used

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by aqueous stem extract of Entada spiralis and screening of their biomedicalactivity

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been established as antibacterial nanoparticles and have been innovatively developed to overcome the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly and easy method of the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs plants, mediated by aqueous extract stem extract of Entada spiralis (E. spiralis), was successfully developed. The E. spiralis/Ag-NPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption at 400–450 nm in the UV-vis spectra established the formation of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs. The crystalline structure of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. The small size, around 18.49 ± 4.23 nm, and spherical shape of Ag-NPs with good distribution was observed in the FETEM image. The best physicochemical parameters on Ag-NPs biosynthesis using E. spiralis extract occurred at a moderate temperature (~52.0°C), 0.100 M of silver nitrate, 2.50 g of E. spiralis dosage and 600 min of stirring reaction time. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris using an antibacterial disk diffusion assay. Based on the results, it is evident that E. spiralis/Ag-NPs are susceptible to all the bacteria and has promising potential to be applied in both the industry and medical fields

Adsorption behavior of Pb(II) onto xanthated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

A plant waste, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder was modified with carbon disulfide (xanthation) for the purpose of introducing sulfur groups, and the adsorbent performance in removing Pb(II) ion was evaluated. Pb(II) adsorption was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, which involved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The amount of Pb(II) adsorbed increased with increasing pH, contact time and concentration but slightly decreased with increasing ionic strength. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in less than 60 min and followed the pseudo-second order model. The isotherm data indicated that Pb(II) adsorption on xanthated rubber leaf (XRL) fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity computed from the Langmuir isotherm model was 166.7 mg/g. Pb(II) adsorption occurred via ion-exchange and complexation mechanisms

Efficient one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Entada spiralis stem powder extraction

Biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is a vast developing area of research. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are synthesized from aqueous silver nitrate through a simple and biosynthetic route using aqueous extract of Entada spiralis stem powder, which acted simultaneously as a reductant and stabilizer. The prepared samples are characterized using UV–visible, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, zeta potential and FTIR techniques. The formation of Ag-NPs is evidenced by the appearance of the signature brown color of the solution and UV–Vis spectra. Formation of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs is determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, where surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption maxima can be observed at 400–450 nm from the UV–Vis spectrum at moderate temperature (~ 52 °C). The XRD analysis shows that the Ag-NPs at moderate temperature have a face-centered cubic structure (FCC). Well-dispersed Ag-NPs with anisotropic and isotropic morphology for E. spiralis/Ag-NPs at room and moderate temperature, with sizes of around 39.82 and 17.56 nm, are observed in TEM images. The SAED pattern exhibits the cubic lattice structure for Ag-NPs, and the d-spacing value of the crystalline structure of Ag-NPs measures around ~ 0.14 nm, which is attributed to the Ag-NPs of the (220) cubic plain at an angle of 64.78°. The spherical shapes of Ag-NPs with proper distribution for both reaction temperatures are observed in SEM images. The FTIR analysis reveals the main functional groups in the E. spiralis stem powder extract involved in the binding of Ag-NPs. The overall performance of the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs indicates that the formation of Ag-NPs using E. spiralis stem powder extract is temperature-dependent

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by aqueous stem extract of Entada spiralis and screening of their biomedical activity

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been established as antibacterial nanoparticles and have been innovatively developed to overcome the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly and easy method of the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs plants, mediated by aqueous extract stem extract of Entada spiralis (E. spiralis), was successfully developed. The E. spiralis/Ag-NPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption at 400–450nm in the UV-vis spectra established the formation of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs. The crystalline structure of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. The small size, around 18.49 ± 4.23nm, and spherical shape of Ag-NPs with good distribution was observed in the FETEM image. The best physicochemical parameters on Ag-NPs biosynthesis using E. spiralis extract occurred at a moderate temperature (∼52.0◦ C), 0.100 M of silver nitrate, 2.50 g of E. spiralis dosage and 600 min of stirring reaction time. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris using an antibacterial disk diffusion assay. Based on the results, it is evident that E. spiralis/Ag-NPs are susceptible to all the bacteria and has promising potential to be applied in both the industry and medical fields

Adsorption behavior of PB(II) onto xanthated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

A plant waste, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder was modified with carbon disulfide (xanthation) for the purpose of introducing sulfur groups, and the adsorbent performance in removing Pb(II) ion was evaluated. Pb(II) adsorption was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, which involved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The amount of Pb(II) adsorbed increased with increasing pH, contact time and concentration but slightly decreased with increasing ionic strength. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in less than 60 min and followed the pseudo-second order model. The isotherm data indicated that Pb(II) adsorption on xanthated rubber leaf (XRL) fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity computed from the Langmuir isotherm model was 166.7 mg/g. Pb(II) adsorption occurred via ion-exchange and complexation mechanisms

In-situ biofabrication of silver nanoparticles in ceiba pentandra natural fiber using entada spiralis extract with their antibacterial and catalytic dye reduction properties

It is believed of great interest to incorporate silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) into stable supported materials using biological methods to control the adverse properties of nanoscale particles. In this study, in-situ biofabrication of Ag-NPs using Entada spiralis (E. spiralis) aqueous extract in Ceiba pentandra (C. pentandra) fiber as supporting material was used in which, the E. spiralis extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to incorporate Ag-NPs in the C. pentandra fiber. The properties of Ag-NPs incorporated in the C. pentandra fiber (C. pentandra/Ag-NPs) were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The average size of Ag-NPs measured using FETEM image was 4.74 nm spherical in shape. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs was easily separated after application, and could control the release of Ag-NPs to the environment due to its strong attachment in C. pentandra fiber. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs exposed good qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 33420). The dye catalytic properties of C. pentandra/Ag-NPs revealed the dye reduction time in which it was completed within 4 min for 20 mg/L rhodamine B and 20 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue dye, respectively. Based on the results, it is evident that C. pentandra/Ag-NPs are potentially promising to be applied in wound healing, textile, wastewater treatment, food packaging, labeling and biomedical fields