The UN forum and faculty lecture at NMUN : bringing expertise to MUN simulations

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. The article is aimed at the development of theoretical and applied model of career guidance work with pupils and vocational college students in the integrated system "school – college – enterprise". The integrative, competence and personality oriented approaches are the main approaches in researching this problem. They were directed at the organization of career guidance work with pupils and vocational college students in the integrated system. The theoretical and applied model of career guidance work with pupils and vocational college students in the integrated system "school – college – enterprise" presented in the article includes the following units: theoretical and methodological, functional and purpose oriented, substantial, technological, methodical and criteria-estimated. Materials of the article can be used by schools teachers and teachers of vocational educational institutions while planning career guidance work at the educational institutions

Programas educativos modulares basados en competencias

It has been established that the basic documents on the development of higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan declared the principles of competence approach and modular learning, but in practice, their implementation is faced with certain difficulties and that it is particularly difficult to implement the competency-based approach in the absence of professional standards. In this regard, the goal was set to develop a methodology for the formation of integrated standards and implement it for a modular educational program of any specialty. The essence of this methodology consists in that the development of an integrated standard is not a single process. It is divided because at the initial stage the representatives of the education sphere determine only the expanded list of competencies, then the employers enter the process independently on them, and the faculty formulates the learning outcomes only after specification of the competences’ list. To achieve this goal, an algorithm for the development of modular educational programs has been created, methods of document analysis, retrospective analysis and questionnaires were applied, experimental work on the formation of the list of competencies was carried out. The experts who participated in assessing the competencies importance showed the high qualifications, good knowledge in the labor market and the skill to formulate the required data. On the basis of this list, the list of necessary competencies for “Computer science and software” specialty has been compiled.Se ha establecido que los documentos básicos sobre el desarrollo de la educación superior de la República de Kazajstán declaran los principios del enfoque de competencia y el aprendizaje modular, pero en la práctica su implementación enfrenta ciertas dificultades y que es particularmente difícil implementar el enfoque basado en la competencia. enfoque en ausencia de estándares profesionales. En este sentido, se estableció el objetivo de desarrollar una metodología para la formación de estándares integrados e implementarla para un programa educativo modular de cualquier especialidad. La esencia de esta metodología consiste en que el desarrollo de estándares integrados no es un proceso único. Se divide porque en la etapa inicial, los representantes de la esfera de la educación determinan solo la lista ampliada de competencias, luego los empleadores ingresan al proceso de forma independiente en ellas y el profesorado formula los resultados del aprendizaje solo después de la especificación de la lista de competencias. Para lograr este objetivo, se creó un algoritmo para el desarrollo de programas educativos modulares, se aplicaron métodos de análisis de documentos, análisis retrospectivos y cuestionarios, se realizó un trabajo experimental sobre la formación de la lista de competencias. Los expertos que participaron en la evaluación de la importancia de las competencias mostraron las altas calificaciones, buen conocimiento en el mercado laboral y la habilidad para formular los datos requeridos. Sobre la base de esta lista, se ha compilado la lista de competencias necesarias para la especialidad «Informática y software»

Features of microstructure formation in the AK4-1 and AK12D aluminum alloys after their joint friction stir processing

Friction stir processing is one of the modern methods of local modification of the surface of aluminum alloys in the solid-phase state, which provides the dispersion of structural components. In heat-hardened aluminum alloys with a matrix type structure, heat treatment following after friction stir processing can lead to abnormal grain growth in the stir zone. However, in alloys with the structure close to microduplex type, a fine-grained structure can be formed after friction stir processing and heat treatment. This work is aimed at evaluating the possibility of increasing the microstructure thermal stability of the AK4-1 (Al–Cu–Mg–Fe–Si–Ni) matrix-type aluminum alloy. For this purpose, AK12D (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) aluminum alloy with the structure close to microduplex type was locally mixed into the studied alloy by friction stir processing. Subsequent Т6 heat treatment was carried out according to the standard mode for the AK4-1 alloy. Studies showed that the stir zone had an elliptical shape with an onion-ring structure. This structure comprised alternating rings with different amounts and sizes of excess phases. At the same time, in the stir zone center, the width of rings and the average area of excess phases were larger compared to the stir zone periphery, where the width of rings and the average area of particles were smaller. The average area of excess phases in the rings with their higher content was smaller than in the rings with their lower content. This distribution of excess phases leads to the formation of a fine-grained microstructure, where the average size of grains depends on the interparticle distance in the α-Al solid solution

Enhancing effect of new biological response modifier sulfoethylated (1→3)-β-D-glucan on antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide in the treatment

Aim: One of the advanced methodologies of the tumor therapy is the application of the so-called biological response modifiers used for activation of the endogenous antitumor mechanisms and combined with classical cytotoxic agents. The aim of this work was the investigation of the effect of sulfoethylated (1→3)-β-D-glucan (SEG) in the treatment of experimental murine leukoses in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and its ability to modulate the activity of lysosomal enzymes in tumor tissues. Materials and Methods: The solid forms of inoculated murine leukoses P388 and L1210/1 were transplantated to male DBA/2 mice. The therapy was performed by treating animals with CPA (Biokhimik, Saransk, Russia) alone or in combination with SEG (Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia). CPA was administered in saline as a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection on the 10th day after tumor transplantation; SEG was administered to mice ip 3 days after tumor transplantation with the intervals in 3 days. The therapy effect was estimated by measuring of solid tumor volume. Activity of the cysteine proteases — cathepsins B and L — was measured fluorometrically using fluorescent substrates Z-Arg-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA (Sigma, USA), respectively. The apoptosis was estimated evaluating the number of cells with fragmented nuclei using optical microscope. Results: It has been demonstrated that application SEG leads to inhibition of tumor growth and potentiates therapeutic action of CPA, especially at repeated administrations during the whole treatment/observation At addition of SEG, therapeutic effect of a one-half reduced dose of CPA is equal or higher than that of the full dose. Therapeutic action of CPA and SEG on the studied tumors is realized predominantly through induction of apoptosis and is accompanied by a substantial increase of the activity of cysteine proteases cathepsins B and L in tumor tissues. The highest cathepsin B and cathepsin L activity in tumor tissue accompanied with the strongest inhibition of tumor growth. It is suggested that this phenomenon is due to the infiltration of the macrophages rich in the named enzymes into the tumor, where they phagocytize the apoptotic cells and tissue debris. Conclusion: Utilization of this polysaccharide BRM, sulfoethylated (1→3)-β-D-glucan, might potentially enhance efficiency of antitumor therapy with standard cytostatics without a need of substantial increase of their dosage and hence avoiding their toxic side-effects.Цель: одним из перспективных методов противоопухолевой терапии является использование так называемых модификаторов биологического ответа, применяемых для активации эндогенных противоопухолевых механизмов и комбинируемых с классическими цитотоксическими препаратами. Цель данной работы — исследование эффекта сульфоэтилированного (1→ 3)-β-D-гликана (SEG) при лечении экспериментальных лейкозов мышей в комбинации с циклофосфаном (СРА) и его способность модулировать активность лизосомных ферментов в опухолевой ткани. Материалы и методы: солидные формы перевиваемых лейкозов мышей Р388 и L1210/1 трансплантировали мышам-самцам DBA/2. Для лечения использовали СРА (Биохимик, Саранск, Россия) и его комбинацию с SEG (Институт химии Словацкой Академии Наук, Братислава, Словакия). СРА вводили внутрибрюшинно на 10 сут после перевивки опухолей; SEG вводили внутрибрюшинно начиная с 3 сут после трансплантации лейкозов с интервалом в 3 дня. Терапевтический эффект оценивали путем измерения объема солидной опухоли. Активность цистеиновых протеаз — катепсинов В и L — определяли флюориметрическим методом, используя флюоресцентные субстраты Z-Arg-Arg-MCA и Z-Phe-Arg-MCA (Sigma, США). Апоптоз оценивали по результатам подсчета клеток с фрагментированными ядрами в световом микроскопе. Результаты: в работе показано, что использование SEG приводит к торможению опухолевого роста и потенцирует терапевтический эффект СРА, особенно при повторном введении в течение всего лечения. В сочетании с SEG терапевтический эффект половинной дозы СРА равнозначен или превышает действие полной дозы цитостатика. Воздействие СРА и SEG на использованные в исследовании опухоли реализуется в основном через индукцию апоптоза и сопровождается существенным повышением активности цистеиновых протеаз катепсинов В и L в опухолевой ткани. Наиболее высокая активность катепсинов В и L сопровождается максимальным подавлением опухолевого роста. Предположительно это обусловлено инфильтрацией опухолевой ткани макрофагами с высоким содержанием вышеназванных ферментов, где они фагоцитируют клетки в апоптозе. Выводы: использование сульфоэтилированного (1→3)-β-D-гликана, нового модификатора биологического ответа дает возможность существенно повысить эффективность противоопухолевой терапии стандартными цитостатиками без повышения их дозы, что позволяет избежать побочных эффектов данных препаратов

EBSD study of superplastically strained Al-Mg-Li alloy

In this study, electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to examine the microstructure evolved during superplastic deformation of advanced Al-Mg-Li alloy. In contrast to the widely-accepted conception of superplasticity, the microstructure was found to be characterized by elongated grains, a notable fraction of low-angle boundaries, and a distinct (though a very weak) crystallographic texture. All these observations suggested a significant activity of intragranular slip

FICTIONAL WORLD OF THE MIDDLE AGES IN K. ISHIGURO’S NOVEL THE BURIED GIANT

The article considers the specific character of time and space, the problem of memory and oblivion in the latest novel by K. Ishiguro The Buried Giant (2015). The novel is placed into the broad context of a legendary history of Britain and to a certain extent into the context of the whole mankind’s world. The paper analyzes the world view of a medieval man at the time when Christian ideology overlaid the thick stratum of mythological ideas. Much attention is paid to the image of Sir Gawain, the defender of Christian humanity, the idea being different from the interpretation of the famous Arthurian Romances focused on love enticements of the knight of the Round Table. It is emphasized that out of the three narrative elements establishing both the composition and the plot, the basic motif is travelling and wandering. This motif is associated with poetics and chronotope embedded in the perception of a mediaeval man as well as of our contemporary. The novel narrates about the complexity and entanglement of human destinies, solitude and repentance, memory and oblivion, love and forgiveness. Ishiguro turns to the global and at the same time personal issues of exis­tence applying myths, stories and fantastic motifs. Being written for intellectuals, Ishiguro’s novel represents a kind of science fiction with a distinct historical background and approaches the genre of parable in its finale. It is concluded that Ishiguro’s work is the novel-admonition that fictionalizes the perception of history as of a lesson for future generations

Anabolic activity of leuzea and cranberry meal plant extracts composition

Еhe anabolic properties of a new composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts in a ratio of 7:50, containing ecdisten and ursolic acid, respectively, have been investigates on a model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the rats leg by the method of excision. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on Wistar stock rats of both sexes weighing 220–250 g. At the beginning of the experiment, all animals underwent musculus gastrocnemius tenotomy (m.gastrocnemius), and then the composition has been intragastrically administered for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were decapitated, blood was taken to determine biochemical parameters (creatine phosphokinase activity, glucose and lactate level) and muscles from both legs were separated to determine the difference between the mass of the musculus soleus (m. soleus) operated on and the mass m.soleus of a non-operated paw. Results and discussion. A dose-dependent anabolic effect was established for the composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts. A gender difference was found, which was confirmed by the obtained values of creatine phosphokinase activity and glucose/lactate ratio. Conclusions. The composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts exhibits a dose-dependent anabolic effect in males and increase physical endurance in female rats on the model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the leg of rats with tenotomy operation

Superplastic behavior of fine-grained Al-Mg-Li alloy

The superplastic behavior of fine-grained 1420 Al-Mg-Li alloy was investigated using a modern electron microscopy technique based on automatic analysis of electron backscattered diffraction patterns (EBSD analysis

Subclinical markers of liver damage in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity

Aim. To investigate the possibility of preclinical detection of liver damage in patients with hypertension and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 168 patients with hypertension aged 30 to 60 years. All patients underwent general clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination, including ultrasound of the abdominal organs with Doppler assessment of blood flow and determination of markers such as ALT, AST, TG, lipid profile indicators at inclusion, after a month, three months and nine months. Results. Depending on the presence of obesity, all patients with hypertension were divided into two groups. Obese patients had a statistically significant increase in office blood pressure, FSI, the ratio of TG and LDL-C to HDL-C, a more significant higher average levels of glucose, TG and ALT levels, as well as impaired hepatic blood flow according to ultrasound. Conclusion. Indicators of FSI, ALT/AST ratio, ratio of TG and LDL-С to HDL-C as well as assessment of hepatic blood flow indicators can be used for early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as they predict liver steatosis

Serum cytokine signature that discriminates Helicobacter pylori positive and negative juvenile gastroduodenitis

© 2016 Khaiboullina, Abdulkhakov, Khalikova, Safina, Martynova, Davidyuk, Khuzin, Faizullina, Lombardi, Cherepnev and Rizvanov.Gastroduodenitis caused by H. pylori, often acquired in early childhood, is found in about 50% of the adult population. Although H. pylori infections can remain asymptomatic, its virulence factors usually trigger epithelial vacuolization and degeneration, loss of microvilli, disintegration of cytoplasm, and leukocyte accumulation. It is believed that leukocyte infiltration is driven by cytokines produced locally in infected tissue. However, so far little is known about changes in serum cytokines in juvenile patients infected with H. pylori. Serum cytokine profiles were analyzed in 62 juvenile patients diagnosed with gastroduodenitis using the Bio-Plex multiplex assay. H. pylori infection was confirmed in 32 patients, while 30 patients were H. pylori-free. Cytokines CXCL5 and CXCL6, potent neutrophil chemoattractants, were upregulated in all patients diagnosed with gastroduodenitis. Serum levels of IL8, a prototype neutrophil attractant, remained unchanged in subjects with gastroduodenitis relative to controls. Therefore, our data suggest that CXCL5 and CXCL6 play a role in directing neutrophil trafficking into inflamed gastroduodenal tissue. In addition, the CCL25/GM-CSF ratio differed significantly between H. pylori-positive and -negative juveniles. Further, study is needed to evaluate the role of CCL25 and GM-CSF in the pathogenesis of the different etiologies of gastroduodenitis