Development of a Hybrid Multi-Functional Adsorbent-Solar-Photocatalyst for Detecting and Removing Toxic Heavy Metals and Refractory Pollutants from Water/Wastewater

In this thesis, treating portable water from hazardous pollutants such as dyes were studied by preparing TiO2/ZSM-5 mesoporous and modified RGO/TiO2/ZSM-5 mesoporous. Additionally, novel optical conjugated mesoporous adsorbents were prepared to treat portable water from heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ and Pb2+. Results show significant improvement over previous efforts by researchers. The work presented here has profound implications for future studies of wastewater treatment, and may one day help solve the problem of water scarcity

Estimation of Export Supply Function for Citrus Fruit in Pakistan

There is strong evidence in the literature that export and economic growth have a positive relationship. In Pakistan, with an agrarian economy, earnings from primary agricultural exports are vital for the overall growth process. Fruits are the traditional export commodities, which contribute more than half of total export earnings from primary agricultural commodities. The persistent instability in world market prices for primary commodities has depressed the export earnings from these commodities over time. This poses great challenges to a country like Pakistan. The present study aims at examining changes in the volume of export of citrus fruit from Pakistan caused by such factors as changes in domestic and export prices, national product, foreign exchange rate, etc. The study uses time series data for the period 1975–2004 for citrus exports and related domestic price, export price, GDP, and foreign exchange rate, employing the co-integration and error correction techniques for analysis purposes.

Diagnosis and Management of Ureterovaginal Fistula in a Resource-Constrained Setting: Experience at a District Hospital in Northern Nigeria

During 2007 we were invited at different times to review and manage four women with ureterovaginal fistula following caesarean section performed in different rural hospitals. We describe our experience of a simple technique of diagnosis and management of these indigent patients in a resourceconstrained hospital. The condition was diagnosed by the three-swab test in all four patients, and abdominopelvic ultrasound was employed to help find the ureter involved. Transvesical ureteral implantation with a stent was carried out. Stent was removed after 2 weeks. All four patients were dry. Amidst the complexity of and sophistication of modern health care, it is important to remind ourselves of the common occurrence of this distressing condition following caesarean section and the use of a well known simple diagnostic technique and subsequent management in resource-poor communities Keywords: Ureterovaginal fistula, Caesarean section, Resource constrained Libyan Medical Journal Vol. 4 (1) 2009: pp. 45-4

Emotional Intelligence and Marital Adjustment among Professionals of different organizations

The present investigation was conducted to assess the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Marital Adjustment among professionals of different organizations including doctors, engineers and lecturers. Three hundred (300) professionals (male: 150, female: 150) were selected by convenient sampling technique from different institutions of Lahore, Multan and Faisalabad. The age range of the participants was 30 to 50 years. The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS by Schutte et al., 1998) and Dyadic adjustment Scale by Spanier (1976) were administered on the participants. Emotional intelligence scores were compared with marital adjustment scores. The Pearson’s product moment correlation and t- test were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that emotional intelligence and marital adjustment were positively correlated and significant. Males showed high marital adjustment than females p<0.01 and females were emotionally intelligent than males as p<0.01 Keywords: Emotional intelligence, marital adjustment, professionals, organization

Energy Use for Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis from the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

Productivity is closely associated with direct and indirect use of energy as an input. The importance of energy can not be denied as one of the basic inputs to economic growth process. The consumption of energy has been among the critical indicators of the level of development of any country. It is observed that usually the developed countries use more energy per unit of economic output and far more energy per capita than developing countries. This reflects the adoption of increasingly more efficient technologies for energy production and utilisation as well as changes in the composition of economic activities. This, largely, needs a shift in energy use [Cheng and Lai (1997)]. When this shift in the composition of final energy use is taken into account energy use and the level of economic activity are found to be tightly coupled. The prospect of large reduction in the energy use intensity of economic activity seems limited. So, the accelerated demand results in the scarcity of energy and increasing cost have severe implications for economic growth. This ever increasing role of energy in the present day scenario underlines the need to increase the supply of energy and to find some new alternative energy sources and energy conservation technique

Structural Changes in Radio and Impacts on Music Listeners

The current study explores structural changes in radio and assesses their impact on music listeners in Pakistan utilizing the theoretical underpinnings of the political economy of communication. A mixed-method approach was used to answer research questions and evaluate hypotheses. A contextual analysis was utilized to evaluate the qualitative analysis after the interviews with 14 experts in the Pakistani radio industry were transcribed. Cross-tabulation with chi-square test, Independent Sample T-test, and AVOVA with Tukey tests were used to analyze survey responses from 200 respondents in order to determine the correlations between variables. The findings show that structural trends in the radio industry\u27s deregulation and commercialization have curtailed access to a varied range of listeners in Pakistan. According to the research, deregulation, licensing fees, new license fees, and the restriction of Indian music, revenue generation, and licensing to nonprofit FM radio have all limited access to a diverse spectrum of radio music listeners in Pakistan. This trend also leads broadcast media in Pakistan to produce and disseminate more entertainment programming rather than information and education programs

Study on The Production of Ammonium Sulfate Fertlizer From Phosphogypsum

The production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from phosphogypsumis studied. The phosphogypsum is considered by product from extraction processof sulphoric acid. The mereseberg process is used a waste of phosphogypsum withammonium carbonate to produce ammonium sulfate as a main product andcalcium carbonate as a byproduct. It is a process could be used as a successfulmethod in phosphate industry (AL-Qauim).The flow diagram is drawn to illustratethe mersberg process then material balance is done. The carbonation process isone of the stage of mereseberg method, then carried out at constant temperature(44Co) because of the reaction is exothermic and high temperature causesdecomposition of ammonium carbonate and low temperature causes precipitatedifferent kind of salts. From results of laboratory experiments the temperature ofammonium sulfate preparation is done in 23Co and the ratio of phosphogypsum toammonium carbonate (400ml /192 gm phosphogypsum ) at reaction time( 4 )hours. The aim of this work focus on making a process flow diagram which isused in dealing with waste of phosphogypsum and production a useful product

Determination of Arsenic Content of Available Traditional Medicines in Malaysia using Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Purpose: To determine the content of arsenic (As) in some locally available traditional medicines in the East Coast region of Malaysia.Methods: The determination of As was conducted using hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Sample preparation entailed mineral acid digestion using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid mixture in a ratio of 1:3. Sixty samples were collected from different locations including shops and open markets in East Coast region of Malaysia, namely, Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan states. Most of these preparations were not registered with Malaysian drug authority.Results: Out of sixty traditional medicine samples, twenty six contained As in a concentration range of 0.2150 - 1.3254 ppm. As for the rest, they were below the limit of quantification (LOQ).Conclusion: Traditional medicine samples available in the east coast region of Malaysia contain levels of arsenic that can adversely affect health upon consumption.Keywords: Traditional medicine, Arsenic, Hydride Generation –Atomic Absorption Spectrometer HGAAS