Liposome Immobilization on Cross-linked Polymer Gel by In Situ Formation of Cleavable Covalent Bonds

ArticleJournal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers. 21(6): 539-555 (2006)journal articl

DYNAMICS OF EXCHANGE RATE AND FOREX RESERVES IN BANGLADESH: WAYS TO STABILIZE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE

The exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves stand as pivotal determinants profoundly impacting external and overall economic conditions. A sustained equilibrium in exchange rates alongside robust reserve levels is imperative for managing inflation and fostering favorable trade balances, thereby, bolstering the nation's holistic economic well-being. This study scrutinizes the dynamic interplay of exchange rates and forex reserves in Bangladesh, drawing upon meticulously curated data from Bangladesh Bank and bruegel.org. Methodologically, the investigation relies on rigorous trend and growth models to elucidate pertinent patterns. The analysis unveils a phase of exchange rate stability vis-à-vis the USD to BDT currency pair pre-2022, followed by a marked escalation in recent years attributable to localized currency devaluation. Noteworthy is the trajectory divergence observed between the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER), demonstrating a downward trend, and the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER), exhibiting a contrasting upward trajectory surpassing NEER. Moreover, a conspicuous surge in forex reserves is evident until early 2022, succeeded by a precipitous decline to precarious levels. This downturn is ascribed to multifaceted factors encompassing the Ukraine conflict, volatility in oil prices, burgeoning foreign debt obligations of public and private entities, dwindling Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, and diminished remittances. The governmental response has entailed the adoption of short-term strategies aimed at mitigating exchange rate volatility and preserving forex reserves. While certain measures have proven efficacious, others have fallen short of desired outcomes. In pursuit of exchange rate stability, the central bank has instituted a crawling peg exchange rate regime, complemented by governmental interventions restricting imports to safeguard forex reserves. Achieving equilibrium mandates concerted governmental endeavors to invigorate remittance and FDI inflows, thus fostering a more robust economic landscape. JEL:  F31, G18, O24  Article visualizations

A 50-year-old woman presented with severe reduction of vision and recurrent pain in right eye following cataract surgery

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 50-year-old female, hailing from Patuakhali, was admitted at the Department of Ophthalmology for the management of severe reduction of vision and pain at the right eye for the last 7 months following cataract surgery at a government hospital. Her cataract surgery (small incision cataract surgery with PC-IOL implantation) of the right eye was performed on October 28, 2018. On the first post-operative day, she developed pain, redness and severe reduction of vision in the right eye. The following day, she was discharged with the advice of some medications like moxifloxacin, dexamethasone, bromfenac eye drops and oral acetazolamide and potassium

Waterlogging in the Southwest Coastal Areas of Bangladesh: Local Adaptation Techniques and Challenges

Waterlogging is a critical environmental problem in the southwest coast of Bangladesh predominantly in some parts of Jashore, Satkhira and Khulna districts which create substantial impacts on livelihood. Therefore, this research aims to analyze how the coastal society deals with the increasing pressure on livelihood that emerged during and after waterlogging episodes. This research is dependent on empirically gathered data using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total 210 in-depth interviews from six unions, two unions from each of the three districts were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, six focus group discussion sessions and six key informant interviews were organized. For statistical analysis of collected data, SPSS was used. The study identifies some critical impacts of waterlogging on livelihood which include physical and mental illness, crop failure and damage, disruption in cropping mechanism, loss of income, and increasing level of debt. The adaptation techniques practiced by the local people have been identified to be short term and insufficient to permanently improve livelihoods in the face of recurrent waterlogging

Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from raw cow milk in Bangladesh

The study was intended for identification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow milk. A total of 47 milk samples were collected from Sheshmore, Shutiakhali and Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm, Mymensingh. Using bacteriological, biochemical and PCR-based identification schemes, 12 (25.53%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus. All the isolates showed ?-hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar. S. aureus specific nuc gene (target size 279-bp) was amplified in the cases of all isolates. The isolates were found as resistant to Penicillin (100%), Erythromycin (75%) and Amoxicillin (100%). On the other hand, the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Oxacillin (100%), Cloxacillin (100%) and Neomycin (100%). The isolated S. aureus showed increased resistance to broad spectrum antibiotic (e.g., Ciprofloxacin). As many people have a tendency to drink raw milk and raw milk products, there is high risk of S. aureus infection in human

Technical efficiency of some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh: A stochastic frontier analysis

This paper investigates the technical efficiency of selected manufacturing industries of Bangladesh using a stochastic frontier production function approach suggested by Battese and Coelli (1992) applied to panel data.A feasible Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, which has time-varying technical inefficiency effects, was estimated.Two alternative distributions were used to model the random inefficiency term: a truncated normal distribution and a halfnormal distribution.The estimated average technical efficiency for four groups of industries of Bangladesh over the reference period was 40.22% of potential output for the truncated normal distribution, whereas it was 55.57% of potential output for the half-normal distribution