GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ATTENUATION DURING STOP-JUMP TASK

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and rate of loading (ROL) during stop-jump task. Forty four healthy students from kinesiology department (22 males and 22 females) volunteered in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump task on the force plate and Peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between two groups Multivariate analysis of Variance at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between two groups (F1,41=5.63, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.37, ) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F1,42 = 2.82, ). Based on our results, Increase in ROL during impact of landing can increase knee loading and consequently create higher incidence of ACL injuries among females compare to males

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ATTENUATION DURING STOP-JUMP TASK

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and rate of loading (ROL) during stop-jump task. Forty four healthy students from kinesiology department (22 males and 22 females) volunteered in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump task on the force plate and Peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between two groups Multivariate analysis of Variance at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between two groups (F1,41=5.63, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.37, ) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F1,42 = 2.82, ). Based on our results, Increase in ROL during impact of landing can increase knee loading and consequently create higher incidence of ACL injuries among females compare to males

GROUND REACTION FORCES ATTENUATION IN SUPINATED AND PRONATED FOOT DURING SINGLE LEG DROP- LANDING

The purpose of this study was to compare the GRF attenuation between normal, supinated and pronated foot during single leg drop-landing. 30 healthy male students from kinesiology department participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to three groups by navicular drop test and performed single leg drop-landing on the force plate from the box with height of 30 Cm. peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between three groups MANOVA at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between three groups (F2, 22=15.553, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.370,) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F2, 22 = 2.632, ). These results suggest that supinated foot is associated with specific lower extremity kinetics. Differences in these parameters may subsequently lead to differences in injury patterns in supinated foot in athletes

Thermal Hydraulic Modeling of Once-Through Steam Generator by Two-Fluid U-Tube Steam Generator Code

The THERMIT U-tube steam generator (THERMIT-UTSG) code was used for evaluation for the parametric study of a scaled once-through pressurized water reactor steam generator (OTSG) made by Babcock & Wilcox. The results of the code were compared to the experimental data of the 19-tube OTSG and a simple heat transfer code that was developed by Osakabe. The main calculated thermodynamic parameters were primary-secondary fluid temperatures, tube wall internal and external temperatures that were subjected to primary and the secondary fluid, and the secondary fluid vapor quality. The assessed code can be used for modeling the OTSGs with some modification. The results of THERMIT-UTSG were in agreement with the experimental results and the prediction of Osakabe’s numerical model

An investigation on relationship of chemical indices of kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) with weight loss during cold storage at -18C

We studied the relationship between physical and chemical properties of frozen kilka with weight loss for packed and unpacked products during storage at amal 8 ' C. Statistical analysis of the results including variance, Duncan test and ANOVA showed relationships existed between changes in Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN), Peroxide Value (PV), pH, moisture, organoleptic properties of frozen packed and unpacked kilka with product weight losses during cold storage at -18°C. The statistical treatment of the results showed that weight losses for packed samples in comparison to unpacked one at the level of P<0.0I was significant. The weight losses, changes of TVN, PV, pH and moisture losses for unpacked samples were 1.5, 1.35, and 4.5, 132 and 1.32 times more in comparison to the packed one, respectively. Also, the statistical analysis of the results showed a correlation between weight losses in unpacked samples of frozen kilka and the measured factors. The results of chemical and physical properties measured for packed samples of frozen kilka during cold storage and their statistical analysis showed a significant correlation P<0.01 between weight losses and the changes in TVN from 7 to 28mg/100gr, PV from 2.28 to 6.01meq/kg, pH from 6.08 to 6.37 and 1.72% loss in the moisture of the samples. According to these results and the organoleptic tests, the shelf life for packed and unpacked frozen kilka in cold storage at 48°C, is recommended 60 and 30 days, respectively

Immunomodulatory Effect of Toll-Like Receptor-3 Ligand Poly I:C on Cortical Spreading Depression

The release of inflammatory mediators following cortical spreading depression (CSD) is suggested to play a role in pathophysiology of CSD-related neurological disorders. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are master regulators of innate immune function and involved in the activation of inflammatory responses in the brain. TLR3 agonist poly I:C exerts anti-inflammatory effect and prevents cell injury in the brain. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of systemic administration of poly I:C on the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, TGF-β1, and GM-CSF) in the brain and spleen, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, expression of GAD65, GABAAα, GABAAβ as well as Hsp70, and production of dark neurons after induction of repetitive CSD in juvenile rats. Poly I:C significantly attenuated CSD-induced production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the brain as well as TNF-α and IL-4 in the spleen. Poly I:C did not affect enhancement of splenic lymphocyte proliferation after CSD. Administration of poly I:C increased expression of GABAAα, GABAAβ as well as Hsp70 and decreased expression of GAD65 in the entorhinal cortex compared to CSD-treated tissues. In addition, poly I:C significantly prevented production of CSD-induced dark neurons. The data indicate neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of TLR3 activation on CSD-induced neuroinflammation. Targeting TLR3 may provide a novel strategy for developing new treatments for CSD-related neurological disorders. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Immunomodulatory Effect of Toll-Like Receptor-3 Ligand Poly I:C on Cortical Spreading Depression

The release of inflammatory mediators following cortical spreading depression (CSD) is suggested to play a role in pathophysiology of CSD-related neurological disorders. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are master regulators of innate immune function and involved in the activation of inflammatory responses in the brain. TLR3 agonist poly I:C exerts anti-inflammatory effect and prevents cell injury in the brain. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of systemic administration of poly I:C on the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, TGF-β1, and GM-CSF) in the brain and spleen, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, expression of GAD65, GABAAα, GABAAβ as well as Hsp70, and production of dark neurons after induction of repetitive CSD in juvenile rats. Poly I:C significantly attenuated CSD-induced production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the brain as well as TNF-α and IL-4 in the spleen. Poly I:C did not affect enhancement of splenic lymphocyte proliferation after CSD. Administration of poly I:C increased expression of GABAAα, GABAAβ as well as Hsp70 and decreased expression of GAD65 in the entorhinal cortex compared to CSD-treated tissues. In addition, poly I:C significantly prevented production of CSD-induced dark neurons. The data indicate neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of TLR3 activation on CSD-induced neuroinflammation. Targeting TLR3 may provide a novel strategy for developing new treatments for CSD-related neurological disorders. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatic arthritis patients, a hospital-based cross-sectional study on Iranian population

Background: Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multiple skin, nails and joints involvement. The reported prevalence of psoriatic arthritis varies from 5 to 42 cases per 100 psoriasis patients. Insulin resistance is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, truncal adiposity, hypertension and hyperglycemia. The association of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with metabolic syndrome is increasingly being reported. Although the literature relating psoriatic arthritis to metabolic syndrome is accumulating, there is still a paucity of evidence, especially from Asia. Here, we examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Methods: The study was performed among outpatients attending the specialty clinic and rheumatology ward of Rasoul-e-Akram general hospital between January 2014 and April 2015. A consecutive sample of 80 patients diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis was studied. Age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure and waist circumference, and history of smoking of patients were measured and asked at the enrolment visit. Venous samples were taken after 8 h of overnight fasting for the estimation of serum lipid profile, glucose and uric acid levels. Also an ultrasonographic examination was done for detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results: 46 patients (57.5) were male and 34 patients (42.5) were female. Mean age of the participants was 43 years (SD: 11.3). The prevalence of abnormal components of metabolic syndrome was 53.8 for BMI, 48.8 for TG level, 50 for HDL, 46.3 for LDL, 45 for Cholesterol, 23.8 for FBS, 46 for waist circumflex in men and 47.7 in women and 42.5 for uric acid. 40 of the patients had abnormal SBP and 41.2 had abnormal DBP. Thirty percent of the participants were current smokers and 43.8 had NAFLD on ultrasonographic examination. Conclusion: 51.3 of patients had metabolic syndrome according to the adult treatment panel III criteria for adult Asian patients. � 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Evaluating Wind Energy Potential in Gorgan–Iran Using Two Methods of Weibull Distribution Function

In this study, wind energy characteristics of the, a city in northeast of Iran, measured at 10m height in 2014. The Gorgan airport one hour recorded data extrapolated to 50m height. The data have been statistically analyzed hourly, daily, monthly, seasonally and annually to determine the wind power potential. Weibull distribution function has been used to determine the wind power density and then the potential energy. Standard deviation method and power density method are the methods used to calculate the scaling and shaping parameters of the Weibull distribution function. The annual mean wind power calculated by the standard deviation method and the power density method is 38.98w/m2 and 41.32w/m2, respectively. By comparing the results concluded that the power density method is a better method than the standard deviation method. In addition, Gorgan wind energy potentiality categorized into class 1. So is unsuitable to utilize large wind energy turbine. Article History: Received November 21, 2015; Received in revised form January 15, 2016; Accepted February 10, 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Babayani, D., Khaleghi, M., Tashakor, S., and Hashemi-Tilehnoee.,M. (2016) Evaluating wind energy potential in Gorgan–Iran using two methods of Weibull distribution function. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1), 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.43-4

Thermal Hydraulic Modeling of Once-Through Steam Generator by Two-Fluid U-Tube Steam Generator Code

The THERMIT U-tube steam generator (THERMIT-UTSG) code was used for evaluation for the parametric study of a scaled once-through pressurized water reactor steam generator (OTSG) made by Babcock &amp; Wilcox. The results of the code were compared to the experimental data of the 19-tube OTSG and a simple heat transfer code that was developed by Osakabe. The main calculated thermodynamic parameters were primary-secondary fluid temperatures, tube wall internal and external temperatures that were subjected to primary and the secondary fluid, and the secondary fluid vapor quality. The assessed code can be used for modeling the OTSGs with some modification. The results of THERMIT-UTSG were in agreement with the experimental results and the prediction of Osakabe's numerical model