Analysis of the Causes and Motivations of the Khatam e Nabuwat Movement in 1953 AD

After the creation and decoration of the universe, Allah Almighty created the Son of Adam for education and training and then for his education and training, Allah Almighty started the process of Prophethood that started from Adam and ended with the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and ended. This belief is called belief in the end of prophethood. This belief is the basis and roots of the religion of Islam and all other beliefs are established through the belief in the Prophethood,because the belief in Tawheed and the belief in afterlife is also based on the belief in the Prophethood. This unseen belief in the existence of Allah and the event of the Day of Judgment also indicates the belief in the Prophethood. For example, if Islam is a tree, then Aqeedah-e-Rasalat is its foundation and root. Similarly, Islam is a building and Aqeedah-e-Rasalat is its foundation. If the foundation is intact then the building is also intact. May Allah not be willing if the foundation is shaken or cut the root, no faith will survive. Similarly, all other beliefs are through the doctrine of the Prophethood. &nbsp

Role of Surgical Feeding Gastrostomy in Patients Requiring Prolonged Nutrition in a Neurosurgical Department

Objective: To build up the nutritional status of the neurosurgical patients with an easy and practical way. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Neurosurgery department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad in a six months’ time. In total thirty adult patients of either gender with H/O road traffic accident with severe head injury and GCS less than 8/15, persistent vegetative state, brain tumor patients who had developed lower cranial nerve palsies were included in the study. 28 for two way Foleys catheter was used in feeding gastrostomy. Results: Thirty patients, with the median age of 35 years (range, 18-55 years) underwent feeding gastrostomy. Before the gastrostomy tube insertion, 18 patients had enteral nutrition by a nasogastric tube and 10 had parenteral nutrition (PN), with a median duration of 14.5 (range, 4-60) and 12 (range, 7-25) days, respectively. Two patients accidentally pulled out the gastrostomy tubes 10 and 11 days after insertion. Buried bumper syndrome developed in 1 patient. Two patients died 8 and 34 days after the procedure in the neurosurgical ICU. Twenty-eight patients were discharged from the hospital while being fed via the gastrostomy tubes. In 11 patients who were able to resume oral feeding, the tube was removed, with a median interval of 62 (range, 25-150) days. There was no Procedure-related mortality. Conclusion: An improvised method of nutritional support according to our circumstances. This study can be extended to other surgical and medical patients who need nutritional support for longer period of time.&nbsp

Further insights into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): the current status of seroprevalence among small ruminants in two selected states of Peninsular Malaysia

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8–28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5–27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia

Subinguinal versus peritesticular diameters of varicocele veins in the supine and standing posture

Objective: Scrotal CDUS is a standard investigation for varicocele patients, but it is not clear that which region should be considered as a standard. The aim of study was to determine that which region should be taken as a standard of measurement for varicocele veins. Methods: The study was conducted at the andro-urology clinic of a teaching hospital. Scrotal Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDUS) parameters were determined at subinguinal and peritesticular region in 35 varicocele patients. The data was collected as mean ± SD and compared using paired t test. Results: In supine position, the mean diameters of varicocele vein at peritesticular region (3.31mm ± 0.70) was compared with the mean diameters of varicocele vein at subinguinal region (2.94mm ± 0.52) and were found to be significantly greater (p < 0.01). The mean diameters of varicocele vein at peritesticular region, when measured in standing posture (3.65mm ± 0.77) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the mean diameters at subinguinal region (3.29mm ± 0.62). All varicocele patients had associated semen abnormalities but the diameter of varicocele veins had no significant correlation with semen abnormalities. Conclusion: The varicocele vein diameter at peritesticular region was found to be significantly greater than the sub-inguinal varicocele vein diameter in both lying and standing position. The diameters at peritesticular region may be routinely measured to reach at a better clinical decision. Continuous..

Pattern of varicocele vein blood gases in patients undergoing microsurgical Varicocelectomy

Abstract Background Varicocele is known to be associated with infertility and sperm disorders. The exact cause of this ailment is not fully understood. There are limited numbers of studies where venous blood gases (VBGs) of varicocele veins were determined with conflicting results. Therefore, we have investigated the pattern of VBGs in both internal spermatic and external spermatic varicocele veins and correlation with semen quality parameters in infertile individuals who underwent left microsurgical varicocelectomy. Methods Patients (n = 27) undergoing left microsurgical varicocelectomy at a tertiary care hospital, were included in the study. Before surgery, semen parameters and scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography was performed. During surgery, blood sample was drawn from varicocele veins (internal spermatic and external spermatic veins) and a peripheral arm vein of the same patient as a control. The VBGs of all veins under study were estimated and compared with each other. The VBGs were also correlated with various semen quality parameters. Data, expressed as Mean ± SD, regarding VBGs in three veins were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The correlation between VBGs and semen quality parameters was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The pH was found to be higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the external spermatic and the peripheral veins. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and oxygen saturation (sO2) were higher (p < 0.01) in the internal spermatic vein compared with the peripheral vein. However, concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3) was lower (p < 0.01) in both veins compared with the peripheral vein. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was also lower (p < 0.01) in the varicocele veins compared with the control vein. Conclusion The internal spermatic veins had higher pH and oxygen tension, but lower HCO3 and pCO2 levels compared with the control peripheral veins. External spermatic veins had lower pCO2 and HCO3 but other VBGs were similar to the peripheral veins. The shift of VBGs of internal spermatic vein toward arterial blood pattern may be a missing link to understand the pathophysiology of varicocele

Correlation between Testicular Hemodynamic and Semen Quality Indices in Clinical Varicocele Patients in Pakistan

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A Comprehensive Literature Review of Application of Artificial Intelligence in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Disease Diagnosis

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) is a noninvasive test to analyze several medical ailments by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the abnormalities in the active part of the brain and evaluate the minute changes in the blood flow, which cannot otherwise be accomplished with other imaging techniques. With its vast applications in healthcare, it has become one of the most explored studies by the researcher’s community, therefore, the current paper aims to address a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of the application of FMRI in healthcare. The SLR scrutinized and assessed the currently available literature using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The chief motive of conducting SLR on the current research was to eradicate the biases and make it more systematic as compared to the informal literature review. The outcomes of the review state that due to accessibility of the public datasets and the data augmentation practices, the application of FMRI in Healthcare has remarkably raised from the last five years and its application is practically available for every disease diagnosis. The performance of the diagnosis of the disease is more effectual and proficient as equal to the human experts performing it manually

Process Parameter Optimization of Additively Manufactured Parts Using Intelligent Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing is the technique of combining materials layer by layer and process parameter optimization is a method used popularly for achieving the desired quality of a part. In this paper, four input parameters (layer height, infill density, infill pattern, and number of perimeter walls) along with their settings were chosen to maximize the tensile strength for a given part. Taguchi DOE was used to generate an L27 orthogonal array which helped to fabricate 27 parts on the Ender 3 V2 fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer. The ultimate testing machine was used to test all 27 samples to generate the respective tensile strength values. Next, the Microsoft Azure ML database was used to predict the values of the tensile strength for various input parameters by using the data obtained from Taguchi DOE as the input. Linear regression was applied to the dataset and a web service was deployed through which an API key was generated to find the optimal values for both the input and output parameters. The optimum value of tensile strength was 22.69 MPa at a layer height of 0.28 mm, infill density of 100%, infill pattern of honeycomb, and the number of perimeter walls as 4. The paper ends with the conclusions drawn and future research directions

Active hepatitis C infection and HCV genotypes prevalent among the IDUs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Injection drug users (IDUs) are considered as a high risk group to develop hepatitis C due to needle sharing. In this study we have examined 200 injection drug users from various regions of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province for the prevalence of active HCV infection and HCV genotypes by Immunochromatographic assays, RT-PCR and Type-specific PCR. Our results indicated that 24% of the IDUs were actively infected with HCV while anti HCV was detected among 31.5% cases. Prevalent HCV genotypes were HCV 2a, 3a, 4 and 1a. Majority of the IDUs were married and had attained primary or middle school education. 95% of the IDUs had a previous history of needle sharing. Our study indicates that the rate of active HCV infection among the IDUs is higher with comparatively more prevalence of the rarely found HCV types in KPK. The predominant mode of HCV transmission turned out to be needle sharing among the IDUs.</p