Seguridad Hídrica, Opinión Pública y Decisores Políticos Estudios del Distrito de Aral (Kazajstán)

La desecación del mar de Aral es un problema que ha atraído la atención de multitud de investigadores, pero en muy pocas ocasiones se ha tenido en cuenta la opinión de quienes viven allí. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de campo realizado en el Distrito de Aral (región de Kyzylorda, Kazajstán) entre el 31 de agosto y el 10 de septiembre de 2020 sobre la calidad del agua. Esas opiniones son contrastadas con los discursos de los políticos, cómo ven ellos la situación y qué soluciones ofrecen, entre ellas, la creación de organizaciones internacionales. A lo largo del artículo se exponen los distintos enfoques teóricos desde los que se pueden considerar las circunstancias que rodean este problema de la falta de seguridad hídrica en el distrito estudiad

Организационные аспекты реабилитационной помощи пациентам с травматической болезнью спинного мозга

Proposed organizational aspects of rehabilitative care for patients with traumatic disease of the spinal cord. Aim was to study the organization providing rehabilitation of spinal patients. Identified the following stages of rehabilitation services: a full-fledged conservative therapy, rehabilitation, improvement or compensation for lost functions, the restoration of household activity, the restoration of social activity. Properly set the organization of rehabilitation services, allows patients to our clinic undergo a complete rehabilitation, which greatly improved the results of treatment of this severe pathology.Предложены организационные аспекты реабилитационной помощи пациентам с травматической болезнью спинного мозга. Целью исследования явилось изучение организации оказания восстановительного лечения спинальных больных. Выделены этапы реабилитационной помощи: полноценная консервативная терапия, восстановление, улучшение или компенсация утраченных функций, восстановление бытовой активности, восстановление социальной активности. Правильно поставленная организация реабилитационной помощи позволяет проходить пациентам полноценную реабилитацию, что значительно улучшает результаты лечения этой тяжелой патологии

Formation of the diffusion layer in gas boring

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Boriding in powder media is successfully used to increase the life of parts. To increase the depth of the diffusion layer and improve its properties, a method for activating the surface of a saturable part by means of electromechanical processing is proposed. The results on the structure of the resulting layer and its dimensions are presented

Significance of polymorphism in 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase genes in HIV infection

© 2016, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved.The aim of the investigation was to assess the prognostic value of polymorphism of genes encoding 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) synthesis in HIV infection. Materials and Methods. The DNA of 94 HIV infected patients have been sequenced using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. For molecular genetic testing we used DNA samples isolated from the scraping of oral epithelial cells. We studied interferon-induced genes, namely: OAS enzyme. It was a case–control study. Depending on the decrease rate of CD4-lymphocytes, the patients were divided into two groups: with typical disease progression and those with slow progression. We determined the frequencies of mutant alleles and genotypes in patients with different progression rates, and assessed genotype associations with different outcomes. Results. There have been found oligonucleotide polymorphisms of OAS genes of different enzyme forms: OAS2 rs2072137 (chr12:113440921) and OAS3 rs1859330 (chr12:113376388). The frequency of mutant allele C of OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism appeared to be significantly higher in a group with a typical disease progression (p=0.03). The frequency of mutant allele A of OAS3 rs1859330 polymorphism had no difference in the groups. In a group with mutant genotypes TC and CC of OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism, the frequency of typical disease progression was significantly higher than that in the group with the main (“wild”) genotype TT (p=0.0125). Logistic regression revealed typical HIV infection progression in patients to be significantly associated with OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism and age. Conclusion. OAS2 rs2072137 polymorphism is associated with typical progressive HIV infection, and, probably, presents a new genetic prognostic marker of the disease

In a model of Batten disease, palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 deficiency is associated with brown adipose tissue and thermoregulation abnormalities

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). We have previously shown that children with INCL have increased risk of hypothermia during anesthesia and that PPT1-deficiency in mice is associated with disruption of adaptive energy metabolism, downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we hypothesized that Ppt1-knockout mice, a well-studied model of INCL that shows many of the neurologic manifestations of the disease, would recapitulate the thermoregulation impairment observed in children with INCL. We also hypothesized that when exposed to cold, Ppt1-knockout mice would be unable to maintain body temperature as in mice thermogenesis requires upregulation of Pgc-1α and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) in brown adipose tissue. We found that the Ppt1-KO mice had lower basal body temperature as they aged and developed hypothermia during cold exposure. Surprisingly, this inability to maintain body temperature during cold exposure in Ppt1-KO mice was associated with an adequate upregulation of Pgc-1α and Ucp-1 but with lower levels of sympathetic neurotransmitters in brown adipose tissue. In addition, during baseline conditions, brown adipose tissue of Ppt1-KO mice had less vacuolization (lipid droplets) compared to wild-type animals. After cold stress, wild-type animals had significant decreases whereas Ppt1-KO had insignificant changes in lipid droplets compared with baseline measurements, thus suggesting that Ppt1-KO had less lipolysis in response to cold stress. These results uncover a previously unknown phenotype associated with PPT1 deficiency, that of altered thermoregulation, which is associated with impaired lipolysis and neurotransmitter release to brown adipose tissue during cold exposure. These findings suggest that INCL should be added to the list of neurodegenerative diseases that are linked to alterations in peripheral metabolic processes. In addition, extrapolating these findings clinically, impaired thermoregulation and hypothermia are potential risks in patients with INCL

The use of rehabilitation programs in the treatment of chronic generalized parodontitis

Presents the results of a study of 153 patients with chronic generalized parodontitis of moderate severity with clinical characteristics, functional characteristics of these patients. Developed a program of treatment with the use of lazerophores with Calgonat and ozone therapy. Determined the effectiveness of the program with positive dynamics, with lower hygienic index by 71% (p< 0.05), bleeding index by 84% (p < 0.05) and index Ramfjord by 88% (p < 0.05) with increasing efficiency by 33% in comparison with the control group.Представлены результаты исследования 153 пациентов, страдающих хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом средней степени тяжести с характеристикой клинических, функциональных особенностей этих больных. Разработана программа их лечения с применением лазерофореза с Кальганатом и озонотерапии. Определена эффективность программы с положительной динамикой, со снижением гигиенического индекса на 71% (р< 0,05), индекса кровоточивости на 84% (р < 0,05) и индекса Рамфьерда на 88% (р < 0,05) с возрастанием эффективности на 33% в сравнении с контрольной группой

Theuse of modern physiotherapy technologies in the treatment of patients with periodontal disease and bruxism

The article presents the results of a study of 248 patients with chronic generalized parodontitis and bruxism. With characteristic clinical, functional features. New data on the violation in coordinated muscle maxillofacial region, manifested in toning and reducing the bioelectric activity of the masseter and temporal muscles. The developed program of treatment using amplipulse therapy, photodynamic therapy gel Lamifaren, and irrigation of the oral cavity propolisna water. Determined the effectiveness of the program. To have positive results, with a decrease of hygiene index by 77% (p < 0.05), bleeding index by 79% (p < 0.05) and parodontal index by 85% (p < 0.05), with the increase of treatment efficiency by 51% (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. And recovery of coordinated muscle performance: GM alone is 54%, with a load of 12%; VM alone 51%, with a load of 17%, in comparison with the control group.В статье представлены результаты исследования 248 пациентов, страдающих хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом и бруксизмом. С характеристикой клинических, функциональных особенностей. Получены новые данные о нарушении в координированной работе мышц челюстно-лицевой области, проявляющиеся в повышении тонуса и снижении биоэлектрической активности жевательных и височных мышц. Разработана программа их лечения с применением амплипульстерапии, фотодинамической терапии с гелем Ламифарен, и орошения полости рта прополисной водой. Определена эффективность программы. С положительной динамикой, со снижением индекса гигиены на 77% (р< 0,05), индекса кровоточивости на 79% (р < 0,05) и пародонтального индекса на 85% (р < 0,05), с возрастанием эффективности лечения на 51% (р < 0,05) в сравнении с контрольной группой. И восстановлением координированной работы мышц: ЖМ в покое на 54%, при нагрузке на 12%; ВМ в покое на 51 %, при нагрузке на 17%, в сравнении с контрольной группой

Program of medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis caused by bruxism

The results of a comprehensive survey of 85 patients with chronic generalized parodontitis of moderate severity caused by bruxism. The characteristic of clinical, functional characteristics of these patients. Deals with diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic generalized parodontitis caused by bruxism with the use of the program, including base rehabilitation center, physiotherapy for the muscles of the maxillofacial region, the fluctuating and amplipulsetherapy. Determined the effectiveness of this rehabilitation program. There was a positive dynamics: the index of hygiene fell by 37%, the index of bleeding by 59% and gingival index by 55%. The effectiveness of the treatment in the control group was 23%, in the intervention group 37%. Under the influence of amplipulsetherapy bear increased: the masticatory muscles by 20%, the temporal muscle by 18%, the activity nadpochechnymi muscle decreased by 18%Представлены результаты комплексного обследования 85 пациентов, страдающих хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом средней степени тяжести, обусловленный бруксизмом. Дана характеристика клиническим, функциональным особенностям этих больных. Рассмотрены вопросы диагностики и лечения пациентов хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, обусловленный бруксизмом с применением программы, включающей в себя базовый реабилитационный комплекс, лечебную физкультуру для мышц челюстно-лицевой области, флюктуоризацию и амплипульстерапию. Определена эффективность данной реабилитационной программы. Выявлена положительная динамика: индекс гигиены снизился на 37%, индекс кровоточивости на 59% и пародонтальный индекс на 55%. Эффективность лечения в контрольной группе составила 23%, в основной группе 37%. Под воздействием амплипульстерапии биоэлектрическая активность (БЭА) увеличилась: у собственно жевательной мышцы на 20%, височной мышцы - на 18%, активность надподъязычных мышц снизилась на 18%