High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

© 2016 Ekaterina V. Martynova et al.Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Several reports have demonstrated a severe alteration in lipoprotein metabolism. However, little is known about changes in circulating lipids in NE. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in serum total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDCL), and triglycerides. In addition to evaluation of serum cytokine activation associations, changes in lipid profile and cytokine activation were determined for gender, thrombocyte counts, and VEGF. Elevated levels of triglycerides and decreased HDCL were observed in NE, while total cholesterol did not differ from controls. High triglycerides were associated with both the lowest thrombocyte counts and high serum VEGF, as well as a high severity score. Additionally, there were higher levels of triglycerides in male than female NE patients. Low triglycerides were associated with upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting activation of Th1 helper cells. Furthermore, levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased in patients with lower severity scores, suggesting that a Th1 type immune response is playing protective role in NE. These combined data advance the understanding of NE pathogenesis and indicate a role for high triglycerides in disease severity

Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015.This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species

Факторы, ассоциированные с развитием рецидива туберкулеза

The objective: to identify socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence.Subjects and Methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 208 TB patients treated at the National Scientific Center for Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan were analyzed.IL-2 to the AlaDH was assessed using test platforms Lionex GmbH (Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical processing of obtained data. To assess the significance of differences in groups, the Pearson Chi-Square test was used. To determine the factors associated with of the tuberculosis relapse, а multiple binary logistic regression analysis was carried out.Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that male gender (OR = 2.086, 95% CI 1.001-4.350, p = 0.050), drug resistance (OR = 4.910, 95% CI 1.923-12.534, p = 0.001), fibrosis cavernous tuberculosis (OR = 6.362, 95% CI 2.178-18.585, p = 0.001) and low level of sensitized T cells that synthesize IL-2 in response to exposure to the AlaDH antigen in IGRA in vitro (OR = 2.155, 95% CI 1.060-4.379, p = 0.034) were significantly associated with tuberculosis recurrence.Цель исследования: выявить социально-демографические и клинико-лабораторные факторы, ассоциированные с рецидивом туберкулеза.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы клинико-лабораторные данные 208 больных туберкулезом легких, находившихся на лечении в Национальном научном центре фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан.Оценка уровня антиген-специфической продукции IL-2 к антигену AlaDH M. tuberculosis проводилась с использованием тест-платформ Lionex GmbH (Германия) согласно инструкции производителя.Для статистической обработки полученных данных использована программа SPSS 23.0. При оценке значимости различий в сравниваемых группах применен критерий хи-квадрат Пирсона. Логистический регрессионный анализ в двумерной и многомерной моделях проведен для идентификации факторов, ассоциированных с развитием рецидива туберкулеза.Результаты. Многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ подтвердил, что мужской пол (OR = 2,086, 95%-ный ДИ 1,001-4,350, p = 0,050), лекарственная резистентность (OR = 4,910, 95%-ный ДИ 1,923-12,534, p = 0,001), фиброзно-кавернозная форма туберкулеза (OR = 6,362, 95%-ный ДИ 2,178-18,585, p = 0,001) и низкий уровень сенсибилизированных Т-клеток, отвечающих продукцией IL-2 в ответ на воздействие антигена AlaDH в IGRA in vitro (OR = 2,155, 95%-ный ДИ 1,060-4,379, p = 0,034), были статистически значимо связаны с рецидивом туберкулеза

Interaction of hepatitis C virus with the immune system in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis C

Aim: to analyze the relation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) load, the immune reactivity, and the immune-mediated lesions in the liver during pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Materials and methods. The study included 1690 pregnant women, 107 of whom had IgG antibodies to HCV; in addition, 68 women (63.5 %) were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and had a positive test for HCV RNA. The diagnosis of CHC was confirmed by determining serum total anti-HCV IgG antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay. The qualitative and quantitative determination of HCV RNA in the blood was performed by polymerase chain reaction. The virus replicative activity was qualitatively assessed by the viral load: low - the level of HCV RNA was up to 103 lU/ml, moderate - from 103 to 106 lU/ml, and high - above 106 lU/ml. To quantify the results, we used the positivity index, i.e, the ratio of the serum optical density to the critical optical density (cut-off) in each test. Results. In the early stages of pregnancy, signs of severe immune-mediated hepatocyte injury persisted. In the II and Ill trimesters, there was an unusual discrepancy between the severity of viral load and the degree of hepatocyte injury as the course of CHC remained usual. Another evidence of the liver involvement in this immune-pathological mechanism was an 87 % decrease in alanine aminotransferase activity with an increase in the viral load in patients with CHC in the Ill trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Suppression of anti-HCV humoral immunity, but not cellular immunity, begins from early stages of pregnancy and is accompanied by a significant increase in hepatocyte lesions without an increase in the severity of the inflammatory process

Changes in HLA-DR Expression on Monocytes and Lymphocytes in Neonatal Sepsis

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. HLA-DR is a key marker of leukocyte activation, which suppression determines the effectiveness of immune response and prognosis in neonatal sepsis (NS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the HLA-DR expression on lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of neonates with sepsis. The study involved 21 neonates with sepsis and 10 healthy neonates born during the study period. Bacteremia was detected in five cases (24%). The most frequent pathogens found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) followed by Streptococcus agalactae (n = 1). NS was associated with pneumonia (n = 17), meningitis (n = 3), and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 1). The onset of NS was accompanied with high blood monocyte activity which ranged from 96 to 100%. Blood CD3+ lymphocyte population and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subset levels were decreased, with their median values being 1.7, 2.2, and 2.4 times lower than those in the control group, respectively (р = 0.005, р = 0.0002, р = 0.003). The HLA-DR expression on CD3+ lymphocytes, as well as on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, was extremely low ranging from 0.1 to 7% both in the onset of the disease and in a week after admission to a hospital. Absolute counts of activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower on the disease first days as compared to the control group (р = 0.02 and р = 0.003, respectively). These results demonstrate adaptive immunity to be non-effective in neonates with sepsis. Low expression of HLA-DR on CD3 lymphocytes as well as on CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets is a reason for immunostimulating therapy

Changes in HLA-DR Expression on Monocytes and Lymphocytes in Neonatal Sepsis

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. HLA-DR is a key marker of leukocyte activation, which suppression determines the effectiveness of immune response and prognosis in neonatal sepsis (NS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the HLA-DR expression on lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of neonates with sepsis. The study involved 21 neonates with sepsis and 10 healthy neonates born during the study period. Bacteremia was detected in five cases (24%). The most frequent pathogens found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) followed by Streptococcus agalactae (n = 1). NS was associated with pneumonia (n = 17), meningitis (n = 3), and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 1). The onset of NS was accompanied with high blood monocyte activity which ranged from 96 to 100%. Blood CD3+ lymphocyte population and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subset levels were decreased, with their median values being 1.7, 2.2, and 2.4 times lower than those in the control group, respectively (р = 0.005, р = 0.0002, р = 0.003). The HLA-DR expression on CD3+ lymphocytes, as well as on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, was extremely low ranging from 0.1 to 7% both in the onset of the disease and in a week after admission to a hospital. Absolute counts of activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower on the disease first days as compared to the control group (р = 0.02 and р = 0.003, respectively). These results demonstrate adaptive immunity to be non-effective in neonates with sepsis. Low expression of HLA-DR on CD3 lymphocytes as well as on CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets is a reason for immunostimulating therapy

Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus Strains in the Northwestern Region of the Republic of Tatarstan in Relation to the Clinical Manifestations in Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients

Copyright © 2019 Davidyuk, Kabwe, Shakirova, Martynova, Ismagilova, Khaertynova, Khaiboullina, Rizvanov and Morzunov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Over 1,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were recorded in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2015. HFRS is a zoonotic disease caused by several different Old World hantaviruses. In RT, Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a prevalent etiological agent of HFRS. We looked for the genetic link between the PUUV strains isolated from the bank voles and from the infected humans. In addition, possible correlation between the genetic makeup of the PUUV strain involved and different clinical picture of HFRS was investigated. Partial PUUV small (S) genome segment sequences were retrieved from 37 small animals captured in the northwestern region of RT in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 34 PUUV sequences clustered with strains of the previously identified “Russia” (RUS) genetic lineage, while 3 remaining PUUV sequences clustered with the known lineage from Finland (FIN). Sequence comparisons showed that the majority of the S-segment sequences isolated in the current study displayed 98.2-100.0% sequence identity when compared with the strains isolated earlier from the HFRS patients hospitalized in Kazan city. HFRS patients infected with PUUV strains of either RUS or FIN genetic lineages were observed to have consistent differences in clinical presentation of the disease and laboratory findings. These findings indicated a strong genetic link between the infected bank voles and human HFRS cases from the same localities. Thus, S-segment sequences of the PUUV strains isolated from HFRS patients could serve as a molecular marker for determining the likely geographic area where infection occurred

High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

© 2016 Ekaterina V. Martynova et al.Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Several reports have demonstrated a severe alteration in lipoprotein metabolism. However, little is known about changes in circulating lipids in NE. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in serum total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDCL), and triglycerides. In addition to evaluation of serum cytokine activation associations, changes in lipid profile and cytokine activation were determined for gender, thrombocyte counts, and VEGF. Elevated levels of triglycerides and decreased HDCL were observed in NE, while total cholesterol did not differ from controls. High triglycerides were associated with both the lowest thrombocyte counts and high serum VEGF, as well as a high severity score. Additionally, there were higher levels of triglycerides in male than female NE patients. Low triglycerides were associated with upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting activation of Th1 helper cells. Furthermore, levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased in patients with lower severity scores, suggesting that a Th1 type immune response is playing protective role in NE. These combined data advance the understanding of NE pathogenesis and indicate a role for high triglycerides in disease severity

Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus Strains in the Northwestern Region of the Republic of Tatarstan in Relation to the Clinical Manifestations in Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients

Copyright © 2019 Davidyuk, Kabwe, Shakirova, Martynova, Ismagilova, Khaertynova, Khaiboullina, Rizvanov and Morzunov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Over 1,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were recorded in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2015. HFRS is a zoonotic disease caused by several different Old World hantaviruses. In RT, Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a prevalent etiological agent of HFRS. We looked for the genetic link between the PUUV strains isolated from the bank voles and from the infected humans. In addition, possible correlation between the genetic makeup of the PUUV strain involved and different clinical picture of HFRS was investigated. Partial PUUV small (S) genome segment sequences were retrieved from 37 small animals captured in the northwestern region of RT in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 34 PUUV sequences clustered with strains of the previously identified “Russia” (RUS) genetic lineage, while 3 remaining PUUV sequences clustered with the known lineage from Finland (FIN). Sequence comparisons showed that the majority of the S-segment sequences isolated in the current study displayed 98.2-100.0% sequence identity when compared with the strains isolated earlier from the HFRS patients hospitalized in Kazan city. HFRS patients infected with PUUV strains of either RUS or FIN genetic lineages were observed to have consistent differences in clinical presentation of the disease and laboratory findings. These findings indicated a strong genetic link between the infected bank voles and human HFRS cases from the same localities. Thus, S-segment sequences of the PUUV strains isolated from HFRS patients could serve as a molecular marker for determining the likely geographic area where infection occurred

High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

© 2016 Ekaterina V. Martynova et al.Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Several reports have demonstrated a severe alteration in lipoprotein metabolism. However, little is known about changes in circulating lipids in NE. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in serum total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDCL), and triglycerides. In addition to evaluation of serum cytokine activation associations, changes in lipid profile and cytokine activation were determined for gender, thrombocyte counts, and VEGF. Elevated levels of triglycerides and decreased HDCL were observed in NE, while total cholesterol did not differ from controls. High triglycerides were associated with both the lowest thrombocyte counts and high serum VEGF, as well as a high severity score. Additionally, there were higher levels of triglycerides in male than female NE patients. Low triglycerides were associated with upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting activation of Th1 helper cells. Furthermore, levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased in patients with lower severity scores, suggesting that a Th1 type immune response is playing protective role in NE. These combined data advance the understanding of NE pathogenesis and indicate a role for high triglycerides in disease severity