Practice of standard Cross Infection Protocol in Private Dental Clinics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Background: Infection control, which is considered to be the backbone of dentistry, has become a particularly essential piece of dental training because both the dentists and patients are at an expanded danger of cross-contamination. Dental clinical settings represent a high organic hazard of spreading a wide scope of microorganisms. The objective of this study is to gather information of different dentists regarding their practice of standard cross infection protocols and how can they improve the same in their private practices. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in dental clinics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK from January 2020 to July 2020 by distributing a questionnaire among dentists. It was a pre-designed questionnaire that was circulated in Google forms through Whatsapp and emails. The questionnaire was divided into 2 sections. Data was compiled and statistical tests were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS® ver.23.0 Results: Regarding cross infection control measures, maximum dentists seem to have knowledge of cross infection control techniques. A significant difference was found (p= 0.05) between male & female dentists in disposing dental waste from clinical set up properly. A significant difference was also found between male & female dentists about rubber dam isolation (p=0.02). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that practice of dentists in KPK is not up to standard protocols of cross infection control. In this way, the need of great importance is to authorize and execute better proportions of infection control to improve dental practice in KPK. Key words: Infection control, Dental practice, Sterilizatio

Conservative Bridge Preparation By Using Natural Tooth As A Pontic With Ribbond Fiber: A Case Report At IIDH Islamabad

Summary: Traumatic damage to anterior teeth is a common form of dental injury, particularly in younger people. The abutment teeth only need to be slightly prepared for the conservative bridge preparation, as the name suggests. The final prosthesis can be fixed to the adjacent natural teeth in no time. This case reports a chair-side conservative and esthetic restoration in a 19-year-old girl who came with grade 3 mobility in her upper left central incisor by using her natural tooth as a pontic with ribbond fibre. Keywords: Conservative, Dental trauma, Ribbond fiber

A Comparative Evaluation Of Premedication With Flurbiprofen And Prednisolone On Post Endodontic Pain In Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Root canal treatment is an endodontic procedure that encompasses cleaning & shaping i.e. preparation of root canals followed by obturation of the prepared canals. Pain is a very common sensation that occurs few hours after root canal treatment (RCT). Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of premedication with flurbiprofen and prednisolone on post-endodontic pain in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: It is a randomized control trial study conducted in the department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sardar Begum Dental College, & Hospital Peshawar. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups i.e. A and B using coin flip technique. Thirty minutes before starting the endodontic therapy, single pretreatment dose of Flurbiprofen (100mg) was given to patients in Group A and Prednisolone (30mg) to patients in Group B. Patients’ pain intensity experience was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) after root canal treatment. They were instructed to complete a pain diary at specific intervals (i.e. at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the commencement of treatment) in order to determine efficacy in both groups. Results: As per efficacy in both groups, in Group A, 44 (55%) showed effective results whereas in Group B, only 20 (25%) patients showed effective results. Conclusion: Single pretreatment dose of flurbiprofen has a more sustained effect in reducing post-endodontic pain as compared to prednisolone

Brief review: Applications of nanocomposite in electrochemical sensor and drugs delivery

The recent advancement of nanoparticles (NPs) holds significant potential for treating various ailments. NPs are employed as drug carriers for diseases like cancer because of their small size and increased stability. In addition, they have several desirable properties that make them ideal for treating bone cancer, including high stability, specificity, higher sensitivity, and efficacy. Furthermore, they might be taken into account to permit the precise drug release from the matrix. Drug delivery systems for cancer treatment have progressed to include nanocomposites, metallic NPs, dendrimers, and liposomes. Materials’ mechanical strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, and electrochemical sensors are significantly improved using nanoparticles (NPs). New sensing devices, drug delivery systems, electrochemical sensors, and biosensors can all benefit considerably from the NPs’ exceptional physical and chemical capabilities. Nanotechnology is discussed in this article from a variety of angles, including its recent applications in the medical sciences for the effective treatment of bone cancers and its potential as a promising option for treating other complex health anomalies via the use of anti-tumour therapy, radiotherapy, the delivery of proteins, antibiotics, and vaccines, and other methods. This also brings to light the role that model simulations can play in diagnosing and treating bone cancer, an area where Nanomedicine has recently been formulated. There has been a recent uptick in using nanotechnology to treat conditions affecting the skeleton. Consequently, it will pave the door for more effective utilization of cutting-edge technology, including electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and improved therapeutic outcomes

Role of echocardiography in diagnostic evaluation of patients admitted to observation unit.

BACKGROUND: Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to transient decrease in cerebral perfusion. Syncope accounts for a 3-6% of all emergency department visits. Etiology of syncope can be neural, cardiogenic, or vascular. Previous studies have evaluated the types and management of syncope. Echocardiography is a commonly used test in the evaluation of causes of syncope. Whether the benefit compared to financial burden of this diagnostic study is in all subsets of syncope cases remains unclear. AIM: To evaluate the impact of echocardiography in the diagnostic evaluation of syncope and to evaluate the subset of patients that would benefit more from this diagnostic imaging. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients \u3e 18 years of age with a primary diagnosis of syncope in a period of January 1st 2015-January 31st 2017. Our inclusion criteria included patients \u3e 18 years of age who were admitted to the observation floor with the primary complaint as syncope, had a normal or abnormal physical examination for syncope, had a normal or abnormal electrocardiogram during admission, had an echocardiography performed at admission. Our exclusion criteria included patients with seizures, hypoglycemia, myocardial infarction, patients who didn\u27t get echocardiography, and patients who had a positive marker of cardiac injury. RESULTS: A total of 369 patients were initially identified with a primary diagnosis of syncope, however only 120 of these patients fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of n=25 of included patients had either an abnormal physical exam or abnormal echocardiography. Among this high risk group, 24% (n=6) of the patients had an abnormal finding on their transthoracic echocardiography. On the other hand, in the low risk group with a normal physical examination and electrocardiogram (EKG), 14 had a trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) positive for cause of syncope, that led to a change in medication, workup, or intervention in 6.7% (n=8) of the patients. CONCLUSION: The analysis of our study suggested that the diagnostic yield of transthoracic echocardiography in syncope is very limited in the absence of an abnormal physical exam or electrocardiogram, and it increase the health care cost burden with no additional benefits

Storytelling in den Vereinten Nationen: Mahbub ul Haq und menschliche Entwicklung

Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass Mitarbeiter der Vereinten Nationen eine wichtige Rolle in Prozessen des ideellen Wandels auf internationaler Ebene spielen können, beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit einer bestimmten Form individuellem Einflusses – dem storytelling. Mein Verständnis von storytelling als Einflusstaktik kombiniert dabei kollektive Elemente der soziologischen Praxistheorie mit den reflexiven, akteursbezogenen Überlegungen von Michel de Certeau. Ich analysiere storytelling anhand von drei analytischen Elementen: einem (chronologischen) Plot, einer Reihe von Charakteren und einem interpretativen Thema – die jeweils ihre Wirkung im Zusammenspiel mit der Subjektivität ihres storytellers entfalten. Ich illustriere diese theoretischen Überlegungen mit dem Fall von Mahbub ul Haq, dem es als Sonderberater des United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-Administrators zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre gelungen ist, die Idee der menschlichen Entwicklung im System der Vereinten Nationen und der internationalen Entwicklungspolitik zu etablieren

COVID-19 and the Global Impact on Colorectal Practice and Surgery

Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that emerged in December 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the sudden national reorganization of health care systems and changes in the delivery of health care globally. The purpose of our study was to use a survey to assess the global effects of COVID-19 on colorectal practice and surgery. Materials and Methods: A panel of International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) selected 22 questions, which were included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to ISUCRS fellows and other surgeons included in the ISUCRS database and was advertised on social media sites. The questionnaire remained open from April 16 to 28, 2020. Results: A total of 287 surgeons completed the survey. Of the 287 respondents, 90% were colorectal specialists or general surgeons with an interest in colorectal disease. COVID-19 had affected the practice of 96% of the surgeons, and 52% were now using telemedicine. Also, 66% reported that elective colorectal cancer surgery could proceed but with perioperative precautions. Of the 287 respondents, 19.5% reported that the use of personal protective equipment was the most important perioperative precaution. However, personal protective equipment was only provided by 9.1% of hospitals. In addition, 64% of surgeons were offering minimally invasive surgery. However, 44% reported that enough information was not available regarding the safety of the loss of intra-abdominal carbon dioxide gas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, 61% of the surgeons were prepared to defer elective colorectal cancer surgery, with 29% willing to defer for ≤ 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results from our survey have demonstrated that, globally, COVID-19 has affected the ability of colorectal surgeons to offer care to their patients. We have also discussed suggestions for various practical adaptation strategies for use during the recovery period. We have presented the results of a survey used to assess the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the delivery of colorectal surgery. Despite accessible guidance information, our results have demonstrated that COVID-19 has significantly affected the ability of colorectal surgeons to offer care to patients. We have also discussed practical adaptation strategies for use during the recovery phase

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Challenges to Development: The North-South Roundtable (NSRT) in perspective

Khadija Haq outlines the successes of the NSRT in setting the human centred international development agenda of the last decades. Within this context she also frames the major questions posed by the papers published here from the Tidewater NSRT meeting. Development (1999) 42, 5–8. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1110052