Assessment of the clinical status and behavioral risk factors in patients with cardiovascular and other noncommunicable diseases in Russia and neighboring countries during quarantine and self-isolation

Aim. To carry out a comparative assessment of the clinical status and behavioral risk factors in patients with cardiovascular (CVD) and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Russia and neighboring countries during quarantine and selfisolation in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Material and methods. The study involved patients from Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan. A total of 351 men and women aged 30- 69 years with one or more NCDs were included, including hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease with or without myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/ asthma, and cancer that were in quarantine self-isolation. To assess the clinical status and risk factors, patients underwent a questionnaire and examination. The changes in health status was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire.Results. During self-isolation and quarantine, 40% of patients noted a decrease and limitation of physical activity. An increase in food frequency and amount was registered in 35% of individuals. During quarantine, every third patient with HTN had hypertensive crises, and every fifth increased the doses of the drugs taken. In the examined cohort, exertional angina (30%) took second place among NCDs. In the group of Azerbaijan patients, every second had exertional angina, while in the Russian cohort — 33%, and in the Lithuanian group — every fourth patient. In general, health status deterioration among people with angina was noted in 6% of cases. In the examined group, type 2 diabetes was detected in 25% of cases. During quarantine, changes in hypoglycemic therapy were carried out in an average of 34% of patients. COVID-19 was registered in 22% of patients in the examined cohort. The largest number was found in the group from Kazakhstan — 57%, while the second place was taken by the Azerbaijan group — 40%. General condition deterioration was detected in 55% of cases in groups from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In Russia, this was reported by 28,8% of patients, while in the group from Lithuania, every fourth patient noted a worsening of the health status. The lowest deterioration was registered in the Kyrgyzstan group (14%).Conclusion. During quarantine and self-isolation among patients with NCDs, a decrease in physical activity, an increase in food consumption and smoking was noted. There was health status deterioration in patients with various NCDs, primarily with CVDs, which required therapy changes. Taken together, this was reflected in general condition worsening in patients with chronic NCDs. It is obvious that the development of comprehensive preventive measures in conditions of selfisolation and quarantine is required

One-step isolation and biochemical characterization of a highlyactive plant PSII monomeric core

We describe a one-step detergent solubilization protocol for isolating a highly active form of Photosystem II (PSII) from Pisum sativum L. Detailed characterization of the preparation showed that the complex was a monomer having no light harvesting proteins attached. This core reaction centre complex had, however, a range of low molecular mass intrinsic proteins as well as the chlorophyll binding proteins CP43 and CP47 and the reaction centre proteins D1 and D2. Of particular note was the presence of a stoichiometric level of PsbW, a low molecular weight protein not present in PSII of cyanobacteria. Despite the high oxygen evolution rate, the core complex did not retain the PsbQ extrinsic protein although there was close to a full complement of PsbO and PsbR and partial level of PsbP. However, reconstitution of PsbP and PsbPQ was possible. The presence of PsbP in absence of LHCII and other chlorophyll a/b binding proteins confirms that LHCII proteins are not a strict requirement for the assembly of this extrinsic polypeptide to the PSII core in contrast with the conclusion of Caffarri et al. (2009)

The charge transport mechanism in a new magnetic topological insulator MnBi0.5Sb1.5Te4

A new layered magnetic topological insulator with the composition MnBi0.5Sb1.5Te4 is obtained. The electrical conductivity in the plane of the layers and in the direction normal to the layers is studied in the range of temperatures of 1.4–300 K. It is found that a “metallic” character of the temperature dependence of the resistivity ρ(T) is observed in the range of temperatures of 50–300 K in both directions. Below T = 50 K, the value of ρ increases and demonstrates an uncommon temperature dependence with a characteristic feature in the region of the critical temperature Tc = 23 K. The increase in the resistance in the temperature range of 50–23 K is determined by the spin fluctuations and magnetic phase transition. Below Tc and down to 1.4 K, ρ(T) demonstrates a behavior characteristic for the weak localization effect, which is confirmed by the analysis of the data obtained when studying magnetoresistance.This work was financially supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (grants nos. EİF-BGM-4-RFTF-1/2017-21/04/1-M-02, EİF/MQM/Elm-Tehsil-1-2016-1(26)-71/16/1), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 18-52-06009), St. Petersburg State University (grant no. 73028629) as well as the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Foundation (grant no. PID2019-103910GB-I00).Peer reviewe

ХОНДРОСАРКОМА ЛОННОЙ КОСТИ С ПРОРАСТАНИЕМ В МОЧЕВОЙ ПУЗЫРЬ (СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ)

The paper describes a clinical case of pubic chondrosarcoma invading the bladder. Radical cystectomy has been performed with resection of the pubic symphysis and a part of the left ischium.Представлено клиническое наблюдение хондросаркомы лонной кости, прорастающей в мочевой пузырь. Проведена радикальная цистэктомия с резекцией лонного сочленения и части левой седалищной кости

Тридцатидневные осложнения радикальной цистэктомии и факторы, влияющие на их развитие

Objective: to identify the most important factors influencing the development of complications after radical cystectomy (RCE).Materials and methods. The results of 182 RCEs performed in September 2014 and December 2016 were analyzed. The patients included 152 (83.5 %) men and 30 (16.5 %) women. The patients’ age ranged from 31 to 84 years (mean age 62.3 years). An orthotopic urinary reservoir was formed in 138 (75.8 %) patients. Postoperative complications were evaluated according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. The calculations were made with a computer program for SPSS Statistics 16.Results. No complications were recorded in 84 (46.2 %) patients within 30 days after RCE. The development of various postoperative adverse reactions was observed in 98 (53.8 %) patients. The most common complications were gastrointestinal (26.9 %) and infectious (25.8 %). Sixteen (8.8 %) patients developed grade I complications; grades II, III, IV, and V complications were seen in 53 (29.1 %), 21 (11.5 %), 5 (2.7 %), in 3 patients, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 1.64 %. Univariate regression analysis has established that overweight (p = 0.031), T status (p = 0.021), preoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.009), and intraoperative abdominal cavity infection (p <0.001) play a significant role in the development of complications following RCE. Multivariate regression analysis has revealed that the frequency of complications after RCE is influenced by body mass index (p = 0.008), preoperative anemia (p = 0.034), blood loss (p = 0.003), and intraoperative abdominal cavity infection (p <0.001).Conclusion. RCE is often accompanied by the development of different categories and severity of complications. Identification of risk factors for their complications will be able to elaborate effective ways for their prevention.Цель исследования – выявление наиболее значимых факторов, влияющих на развитие осложнений после проведения радикальной цистэктомии (РЦЭ).Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты 182 РЦЭ, произведенных с сентября 2014 г. по декабрь 2016 г. Среди пациентов были 152 (83,5 %) мужчин и 30 (16,5 %) женщин. Возраст больных варьировал от 31 до 84 лет (средний возраст 62,3 года). У 138 (75,8 %) пациентов сформирован ортотопический мочевой резервуар. Послеоперационные осложнения оценивали по классификации Clavien–Dindo. Расчеты выполняли в компьютерной программе для статистической обработки данных SPSS Statistics 16.Результаты. У 84 (46,2 %) пациентов в 30-дневные сроки после РЦЭ осложнений не зарегистрировано. У 98 (53,8 %) больных было зафиксировано развитие различных нежелательных отклонений после операции. Наиболее частыми осложнениями явились желудочно-кишечные (26,9 %) и инфекционные (25,8 %). У 16 (8,8 %) пациентов развились осложнения I степени, у 53 (29,1 %) – II, у 21 (11,5 %) – III, у 5 (2,7 %) – IV, у 3 пациентов – V. Тридцатидневная летальность составила 1,64 %. Однофакторный регрессионный анализ установил значимую роль избыточной массы тела больных (p = 0,031), T-статуса опухоли (p = 0,021), уровня гемоглобина до операции (p = 0,001), объема интраоперационной кровопотери (р = 0,009) и интраоперационного инфицирования брюшной полости (р <0,001) в развитии осложнений после РЦЭ. Многофакторный регрессионный анализ выявил, что на частоту развития осложнений после РЦЭ влияют индекс массы тела (р = 0,008), анемия до операции (р = 0,034), кровопотеря (р = 0,003) и интраоперационное инфицирование брюшной полости (р <0,001).Заключение. РЦЭ часто сопровождается развитием осложнений различных категорий и степени тяжести. Выявление факторов риска их развития позволит разработать эффективные пути их профилактики

Importance of immunotherapy in the treatment of recurrent cystitis

The review is devoted to the problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC). The search was conducted using the Medline, PubMed, EMBASE databases. CRC is a common disease, especially among women of reproductive age. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are part of the human virome and may be implicated in the development of CRC. Immunostimulating therapy is an effective alternative method for the treatment and prevention of CRC, notably in CRC of human papillomavirus aetiology

PREDICTORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN AZERBAIJAN POPULATION

The presented study in Azerbaijan is carried out for the first time within State Programs on fight against a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and other noninfectious diseases.Aim. To define predictors of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with DM2 in Azerbaijan population.Material and methods. In the single-step clinical-epidemiology cohort study were included 528 patients with DM2 at the age of 30-69 (30,5% — men and 69,5% — women) who answered questions using “ARIC” questioner to define AH and its risk factors.Results. The prevalence of AH in women (72,4%) was 2,6 times more than in men (27,6%) and the frequent occurrence of AH was at the age of 60-69 (respectively, 26,7±2,1% vs 9,6±2,9%, p<0,001). It was not determined remarkable differences between AH level and occupation status, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, feeding disorder of the patients, at the same time in patients with AH smoking frequency was about 2 times often than in others (respectively, 19,3±1,9% vs 10,6±3,0%, p<0,05). In parents of AH patients AH rates, in comparison with eutonics, were occurred like these: (respectively, in fathers 21,9±2,0% vs 12,5±3,2%, p<0,05; in mothers 42,2±2,4% vs 26,9±4,3%, p<0,01), in mothers DM2 (respectively, 33,7±2,3% vs 221 ±4,1 %, p<0,05), overweight and obesity were watched much more often (95,0±1,1% vs 88,5±3,1%, p<0,05), at the same time these patients were suffered from abdominal obesity (respectively, 96,5±0,9% vs 89,4±3,0%, p<0,01). The mean values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (respectively, 148,3±1,1 vs 119,8±1,3 Hg, p<0,001 and 85,9±0,5 vs 74,8±0,8 Hg, p<0,001) were often determined in patients with AH, and on the other hand in these patients were noted prevalence of anxious syndrome (respectively, 78,5±2,0% vs 72,1±4,4%, p<0,05) and depression (68,2±2,3% vs 62,5±4,7%, p>0,05). Regardless of AH level in all patients was noted stress (respectively, 99,8±0,2% vs 100,0±0,0%, p>0,05), which changed for the worse life quality of the patients with AH significantly (respectively, 1,0±2,2% vs 61,5±4,8%, p<0,05).Conclusion. For patients with DM2 in Azerbaijan cohort female sex, increasing of the age, body mass index, abdominal obesity and anxious conditions are significant risk factors for AH. Presence of AH in both parents and DM2 in mothers increase this risk significantly, which decrease life quality of these patients

Features of glycemic status and risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in Azerbaijan population

Aim. To study the associations of glycemic control with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and parameters of life quality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. In single-step cross-sectional clinical-epidemiology cohort study were involved 142 patients with CAD and T2D between the ages of 35 and 69. The patients answered the questions of “ARiC” questioner about their socio-demographic status, behavioral risk factors and quality of life. We measured anthropometric indicators, determined level of glucose and glycated hemoglobin in venous plasma. Results. It was determined no statistically significant relationship between level of glycemic status and patients ages, education level, occupation and family status, physical activities, body mass index, smoking habit, feeding disorder, anxiety, stress conditions. Such life quality parameters as moving, taking care of oneself, daily activities, pain or feeling discomfort also didn’t have associations with glycemic status. In the background of abdominal obesity (p=0,034), using alcohol (p=0,045), depressive conditions (p=0,036) and such life quality parameters as anxiety or depression (p=0,039) control of glycaemia was disturbed. As a result, in 28,7% of patients with poor glycemic control compared with previous years, there was no change in the condition of patients, and 55,7%, on the contrary, worsened. An increase in the duration of diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia adversely affected the course of the disease (F=4,3, p=0,041 and F=18,3, p<0,001, respectively), and insufficient control of the glycemic status was accompanied by tachycardia.Conclusion. In patients with CHD and T2D, alcohol intake, depressive conditions, abdominal obesity and an increase in the duration of diabetes were accompanied by worsening of glycemic control, which led to deterioration in the life quality parameters. Timely screening and adequate correction of these risk factors will prevent complications, mortality and disability, as well as reduce healthcare costs associated with these diseases

Relationship of chronic kidney disease of the with glycemic status, cardiovascular diseases and laboratory indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim. To study the relationship of chronic kidney disease parameters with glycemic control, subclinical and clinical signs of cardiovascular diseases and laboratory parameters.Material and methods. The study included 528 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged 30-69 years. All respondents answered questions from the ARIC questionnaire about T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. We determined the ankle-brachial index, sonographic left ventricular hypertrophy, intima-media thickness and defined hypertensive, diabetic angiopathy and polyneuropathy. The levels of glycemia, lipid spectrum, creatinine, uric acid, glycohemoglobin were evaluted. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault method, and microalbuminuria (MAU) was determined using Micral tests.Results. Glycohemoglobin did not depend on MAU (p=0,564), a decrease in GFR was accompanied by an improvement in glycemic control (p=0,393). There was a direct association between MAU and the duration of diabetes (p=0,001), in patients with a longer course of the disease GFR was reduced (p=0,001). With increasing of systolic blood pressure, MAU progressed (p=0,016), while GFR decreased (p<0,01). In patients with hypertensive angiopathy, MAU of 100 mg/dl (p=0,001) and stage 2 of chronic kidney disease (p=0,048) occurred with the highest incidence (1/4) (p=0,048). According to the survey, angina was found in patients with MAU of 100 mg/dl (p=0,006). Chronic heart failure led to the progression of albuminuria (p=0,007), in patients with clinical signs of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities, the frequency of MAU was 72-87,5% (p=0,032). The highest intima-media thickness of the right carotid artery in patients with GFR 89-60 ml/min and MAU 100 mg/dL (respectively, 1,77±0,41, 1,33±0,49) were determined. Sonographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in 84,6% of patients with an MAU of 300 mg/dL (p=0,022), as the severity of albuminuria increased, the ejection fraction of the left ventricle decreased (p=0,003). Albuminuria increased the level of myocardial remodeling (p<0,05) and this indicator showed a direct relationship with the severity of MAU. With an increase in albuminuria, the degree of triglyceridemia increased. An increase of MAU level and a decrease in GFR was accompanied by an increase in creatininemia (p<0,001). A direct relationship was found between lithemia and MAU. Conversely, a decrease in GFR contributed to the progression of MAU (p<0,001).Conclusion. Reduction of GFR and MAU are the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the Azerbaijani population with T2DM. We suppose that periodic monitoring of these parameters for primary and secondary prevention of diabetic nephropathy plays an important role