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    ЭндоскопичСски Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… свищСй послС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСфрэктомии

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    Background. Urinary fistulas (UFs) are one of the most significant complications after partial nephrectomy. Placement of an ureteral stent eliminates urine extravasation in the majority of patients. However, some of them have persistent UFs despite upper urinary tract drainage. Such cases require retrograde injection of fibrin glue into the renal cavity through a ureteroscope or via the percutaneous approach. Some authors reported cases of simultaneous use of 2 stents and percutaneous cryoablation of the fistula, but these techniques are rare and, therefore, it is problematic to evaluate their efficacy.Objective: to evaluate the results of the new treatment method for the elimination of persistent UFs using the retrograde endoscopic percutaneous approach.Materials and methods. This study included 5 patients (3 males and 3 females) with UFs developed after kidney resection. Mean age of the patients was 55.8 years. The tumor size was 2.5 to 4.8 cm; mean R.E.N.A.L. score was 7.8. All patients had earlier undergone minimally invasive partial nephrectomy; the time between surgery and UF development varied between 3 and 10 days. Four out of 5 patients had a large amount of discharge from their paranephral drainage system, examination of which confirmed high creatinine level. Patients underwent flexible ureteropyelography in the lithotomy position. During this procedure, we identified the damaged calyx and then performed percutaneous puncture targeting the distal end of the endoscope at this calyx, ensuring that the tip of the needle appeared in the paranephral cavity in front of the injured calyx. Using the flexible ureteroscope, we inserted the needle into the pelvis, dilated the puncture opening along the string, and installed a nephrostomy drainage system (12 Fr). Then the endoscope was removed and the ureter was additionally drained with a stent. The stent was removed after 8-10 days with subsequent antegrade pyelography. If there was no extravasation, the nephrostomy tube was removed and the patient was discharged from hospital to continue treatment in outpatient settings.Results. All patients with UFs resulting from partial nephrectomy was successfully operated on. No complications were registered. The mean surgery time was 45.0 Β± 20.5 min (range: 40-65 min). Only two patients had some discharge from the fistula within 1 day after nephrostomy tube removal and it stopped without any additional interventions. Three patients had their fistula healed immediately. The treatment efficacy during the whole follow-up period of 18 Β± 4 months (range: 6-26 months) was 100 %.Conclusion. Ureteral stenting ensures elimination of UFs in the majority of patients after partial nephrectomy. In individuals with persistent UFs, retrograde endoscopic percutaneous drainage of the pelvicalyceal system is the method of choice, because it allows rapid and effective treatment of UFs.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠœΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ свищи (МБ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ослоТнСний ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСфрэктомии. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² установка ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСнта ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ подтСкания ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ. Однако Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…, нСсмотря Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ стойкиС МБ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· урСтСроскоп ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ доступом Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ систСму ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ вводится Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ случаи ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ использования 2 стСнтов, пСркутанная криоаблация свищСвого Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Однако эти ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… случаях, поэтому слоТно ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ЦСль исслСдования - ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ стойких МБ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ эндоскопичСски ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСчСния.Β ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 5 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (2 ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, 3 ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹) с МБ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ послС Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ возраст Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… составил 55,8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ колСбался ΠΎΡ‚ 2,5 Π΄ΠΎ 4,8 см, срСднСС число Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ нСфромСтричСской систСмС R.E.N.A.L. составляло 7,8. ВсСм Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ малоинвазивная ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ нСфрэктомия, сроки развития МБ послС Π½Π΅Π΅ колСбались Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… 3-10 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ 4 ΠΈΠ· 5 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… наблюдалось большоС количСство отдСляСмого ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°ΠΆΡƒ, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ биохимичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ» высокий ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π’ литотомичСском ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ выполняли Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡŽ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΡƒ. Π”Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ† эндоскопа ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ³Π»Ρ‹ появлялся Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ полости Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠΈ. Под ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ урСтСроскопа ΠΈΠ³Π»Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π»ΠΎΡ…Π°Π½ΠΊΡƒ, ΠΏΠΎ струнС ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ устанавливали нСфростомичСский Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°ΠΆ 12 Π¨Ρ€. Эндоскоп ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° стСнтом. Бпустя 8-10 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ стСнт ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ, выполняли Π°Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ отсутствии Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ МБ нСфростому ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ больного выписывали Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВсС Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ с МБ послС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСфрэктомии Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹. ОслоТнСний Π½Π΅ зарСгистрировано. ВрСмя ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ составило Π² срСднСм 45,0 Β± 20,5 (40-65) ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ПослС удалСния нСфростомичСского Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°ΠΆΠ° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ 2 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 дня наблюдалось отдСляСмоС ΠΏΠΎ свищу, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π£ 3 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² свищ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ» сразу. Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ лСчСния Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ наблюдСния 18 Β± 4 (6-26) мСс составила 100 %.Β Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° позволяСт Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ МБ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСфрэктомии. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ стойких МБ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ эндоскопичСски ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΡ…Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ сроки ΠΈ с высокой ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ больного ΠΎΡ‚ МБ.

    Combined drainage of the bilic and virsung ducts for the prevention of postoperative complications during pancreatoduodenal resection

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    Pancreatoduodenal resection is a standard procedure usually performed for benign and malignant tumors of the biliopancretoduodenal zone. The development and implementation of new technologies and techniques has made it possible to significantly reduce postoperative mortality to 5% over the past decade in specialized institutions around the world. But the number of postoperative complications still remains high - from 30% to 60% according to different authors; such as postoperative pancreatic and biliary fistulas, intra-abdominal infection, and late gastric emptying. Among them, pancreatic and biliary fistulas are the most frequent serious complications after pancreatoduodenal resection with a frequency of up to 30-60%, which is the main cause of postoperative mortality. In this work, we analyzed the internal intraoperative combined drainage of the pancreatic and bile ducts in 7 patients
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