Response of Vegetation to Different Climate Extremes on a Monthly Scale in Guangdong, China

Climate extremes, particularly drought, often affect the ecosystem. Guangdong Province is one of the most vulnerable areas in China. Using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to capture vegetation dynamics, this study investigated vegetation responses to drought, temperature, and precipitation extremes on a monthly scale in the vegetation area of Guangdong without vegetation type changes from 1982 to 2015. As extreme temperatures rose, a drought trend occurred in most months, with a higher rate in February and April. The vegetation evenly showed a significant greening trend in all months except June and October. The vegetation activity was significantly positively correlated with the increased extreme temperatures in most months. However, it exerted a negative correlation with drought in February, April, May, June, and September, as well as precipitation extremes in February, April, and June. The response of vegetation to drought was the most sensitive in June. The vegetation tended to be more sensitive to short-term droughts (1–2 months) and had no time lag in response to drought. The results are helpful to provide references for ecological management and ecosystem protection

All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays

A novel organometal halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI2Br) is synthesized and used as a visible light absorber to sensitize one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanowire arrays (NWAs) for all-solid-state hybrid solar cells. It achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.87% and an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.82 V, both higher than those of its analogue CH3NH3PbI3

Response of Vegetation to Different Climate Extremes on a Monthly Scale in Guangdong, China

Climate extremes, particularly drought, often affect the ecosystem. Guangdong Province is one of the most vulnerable areas in China. Using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to capture vegetation dynamics, this study investigated vegetation responses to drought, temperature, and precipitation extremes on a monthly scale in the vegetation area of Guangdong without vegetation type changes from 1982 to 2015. As extreme temperatures rose, a drought trend occurred in most months, with a higher rate in February and April. The vegetation evenly showed a significant greening trend in all months except June and October. The vegetation activity was significantly positively correlated with the increased extreme temperatures in most months. However, it exerted a negative correlation with drought in February, April, May, June, and September, as well as precipitation extremes in February, April, and June. The response of vegetation to drought was the most sensitive in June. The vegetation tended to be more sensitive to short-term droughts (1–2 months) and had no time lag in response to drought. The results are helpful to provide references for ecological management and ecosystem protection

Study on the Comprehensive Utilization of Bitter Almond Shell

A comprehensive process was developed to make full use of the solid and liquid products during the production of activated carbon. Almond shell waste was modified with phosphoric acid and thermally treated to give activated carbon. Wood vinegar was generated and collected within the temperature range of 90 to 500 °C, and the maximum amount of the wood vinegar was in the range of 170 to 370 °C, which also gave the strongest anti-pathogens activities with the lowest pH and the highest organic acid content. The remaining residue after wood vinegar generation was further calcined in inert atmosphere to obtain high surface area activated carbon. The pre-treatment of almond shell with H3PO4 leads to the higher surface area, but H3PO4 solution with concentration more than 40% does not increase the surface area further. The impregnation of H3PO4 helps the formation of pores in the almond shell during the calcination, and gives higher iodine number and methylene blue sorption capacity of the resultant activated carbon materials

Supplementation of 2-Ap, Zn and La Improves 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Concentrations in Detached Aromatic Rice Panicles In Vitro.

Aromatic rice is highly prized by consumers worldwide due to its special aromatic character. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is considered to be the single most important volatile compound responsible for aroma in aromatic rice. The present study demonstrated the effects of 2-AP, zinc (Zn) and lanthanum (La) on the 2-AP concentration of detached aromatic rice panicles in vitro. Detached panicles from three well-known aromatic cultivars, Guixiangzhan, Pin14, and Pin 15, were cultured separately in basic culture medium supplemented with 2-AP, Zn and La, and 2-AP concentrations were assessed at 7 and 14 days after culture (DAC). The results show that supplementation of 2-AP, Zn and La in the basic culture medium significantly increases the accumulation of proline. 2-AP concentration and the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) were also increased in rice grains. Zn concentrations were also found to be higher when Zn was added to the basic culture medium, and La concentrations in grains were too low to be measured. Additionally, grain 2-AP concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with proline concentrations, ProDH activities in grains and 2-AP in culture medium. In summary, higher grain 2-AP concentrations might be due to Zn- and La-induced increases in proline concentrations and ProDH activities, as well as the direct uptake and transportation of 2-AP from the culture medium. Furthermore, application of both Zn and La might be helpful for improving aroma formation in rice. However, interactions of both these elements with the complex process of 2-AP formation remain to be explored

Level of movement skills and dexterity in relation to movement activities of pre-school children in their ordinary lives

and keywords The level of movement skills and dexterity in relation to movement activities of pre- school children in their ordinary lives. The diploma thesis deals with the issue of movement activity of pre-school children. Movement activities are vital part of healthy life, especially for children. It should be an essential part of every activity, no matter if it is sport, game, relaxation or just a walk to school. It should be a common part of every pre-school child daily programme. The activities reflect the level of movement skills and dexterity, which get behind so much these days. That is why it is necessary to evolve and improve them. The thesis is focused on influence of controlled movement activities to results of elementary skills and potential of pre-school children. The theoretical part describes it in general (movement activity, skills, dexterity, movement,...) and individual meanings. The practical part deals with testing of children and questioning of their parents. The results bring information on relation between of amount of controlled activities of children and their performance in basic kinetic tests. The fundamental is to create an overview of level of movement skills and dexterity using testing of particular age groups of pre-school children Preschool age Movement skills..

Effect of Zn supplementation on Zn and proline contents as well as ProDH activities in grains of detached aromatic rice panicles <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>Effect of Zn supplementation on Zn and proline contents as well as ProDH activities in grains of detached aromatic rice panicles <i>in vitro</i>.</p

Effect of La supplementation on ProDH activity (U g^-1 FW) in grains of detached aromatic rice panicles <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>Effect of La supplementation on ProDH activity (U g^-1 FW) in grains of detached aromatic rice panicles <i>in vitro</i>.</p

A theoretical illustration of 2-AP formation and transportation in aromatic rice plants.

<p>Proline might be converted to 2-AP in the stem sheet and in leaves and grains before accumulating in grains, or proline might accumulate directly in the grains, where it is further converted into 2-AP through various biochemical pathways. Environmental factors, crop genotype, and crop management practices affect rice aroma.</p