Ocorrência da doença meningocócica em japoneses e descendentes no município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil (1965-1975)

In the case of Japanese and their descendants living in the municipality of Londrina, State of Paraná, the morbidity of meningococcic disease was about seven times lower than for the rest of the population, the death rate having been nil during both endemic and epidemic phases. A review of medical and hospital records, covering registered cases, showed no diagnoses of meningococcic disease in 75% of patients of Japanese origin or in 20% of samplings of non-Japanese patients. The possible relationship of socioeconomic and cultural (nutritional) factors, as regards above observations is discussed.Foi feito estudo visando a determinação das taxas de medida da doença meningocócica em japoneses e seus descendentes, do município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. A morbidade por doença meningocócica (DM) foi cerca de 7 meses mais baixa que no restante da população, tendo sido nula entre os mesmos a ocorrência de óbitos, tanto em fase endêmica, como epidêmica, A revisão dos prontuários médicos hospitalares correspondentes aos casos notificados exclui o diagnóstico de DM em 75% dos pacientes de origem japonesa e em 20% da amostra de pacientes não japoneses. É discutida a eventual relação de fatores sócio-econômicos e cultural (alimentar) às observações

Dengue in Brazil- Situation, Transmission and Control- A Proposal for Ecological Control

This article discusses dengue in terms of its conceptual and historical aspects, epidemiological and clinical/pathological nature, and evolution up to the present situation in Brazil, The author discusses the ecological relationship in both the production of dengue and its control, Comparison is made between traditional dengue-control programs and a proposed socially-controlled program of an ecological nature without the use of insecticides. Stress is placed on interdisciplinary technical and scientific activity, broadbased participation by communities in discussing methodological aspects involving them, and prospective evaluation comparing the communities selected for intervention and control communities with regard to clinical and subclinical dengue cases and vector infestation rates in relation to climatic, socio-economic, and behavioural factors

Immediate and generalized reaction to Montenegro skin test

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T12:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-06-16T02:36:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Fagundes_Aline_etal_INI_2003.pdf: 21610 bytes, checksum: 36d1877a09fb5b5b437e5910848f4841 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-16T02:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Fagundes_Aline_etal_INI_2003.pdf: 21610 bytes, checksum: 36d1877a09fb5b5b437e5910848f4841 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Centro de Referência Nacional para Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar do Serviço de Parasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Centro de Referência Nacional para Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar do Serviço de Parasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Centro de Referência Nacional para Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar do Serviço de Parasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.É descrito pela primeira vez um caso de reação exantemática imediata e generalizada após teste de Montenegro com antígeno mertiolatado. A reação consistiu de eritema urticariforme generalizado associado a prurido. O prurido desapareceu na primeira hora após a medicação com brometazina por via oral e a erupção 12 horas após.The authors describe for the first time a case of immediate and generalized reaction to Montenegro skin test with merthiolated antigen. This reaction consisted of generalized cutaneous rash with pruritus, and was treated with oral bromethazine. The pruritus disappeared an hour after medication and the rash 12 hours later

Dengue endêmico: o desafio das estratégias de vigilância Endemic dengue: surveillance strategy challenges

A interação entre infecção clínica, vetor e imunidade sorotípica da população define o risco de epidemia por dengue. A situação epidemiológica endêmico-esporádica seria meta aceitável de controle em regiões metropolitanas ante deficiências de urbanização, saneamento, acesso às residências por agentes sanitários, baixo poder residual de inseticidas biológicos e mobilização social. A Vigilância, então, requererá continuidade das ações públicas e da sociedade em geral, estimuladas na medida inversa da redução de casos, e propostas adequadas. Visando constituir sistema de Vigilância sensível e específico, sobretudo em períodos endêmicos, propõe-se que o componente clínico sentinela deve integrar tanto a assistência emergencial aberta preconizada, detectando casos graves - ponta do iceberg, como serviços de referência para doenças febris agudas, definindo diferentes formas clínicas e propiciando confirmação diagnóstica. Em regiões estratégicas, paralelamente, inquéritos sorotipicos amostrais, embora complexos, devem ser buscados, avaliando imunidade e suscetibilidade de grupos etários aos sorotipos circulantes, estimativa de casos subclínicos e alcance do Sistema de Vigilância e Controle.<br>Interaction between clinical infection, vector, and population serotype immunity defines dengue epidemic risk. An endemic-sporadic epidemiological situation is an acceptable control target in metropolitan regions deficient in urban upgrading, sanitation, and health agents' access to residences, besides low residual power of biological insecticides and social mobilization problems. Surveillance requires continued action by government and society (particularly when incidence decreases) and adequate proposals. To establish a sensitive and specific surveillance system for endemic periods, the authors propose the sentinel clinical component as part of emergency care (detecting serious tip-of-the-iceberg cases) and reference services for acute febrile diseases, defining clinical forms and providing diagnostic confirmation. Although complex, sample serotype surveys should be conducted in strategic areas, evaluating: immunity and susceptibility of age groups to circulating serotypes; estimation of sub-clinical cases; and Surveillance and Control System reach

Occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae strains in three Brazilian states since the introduction of a conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa ([email protected]) on 2016-08-16T16:52:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Braz_J_Med_Biol_Res_38_777-781.pdf: 457426 bytes, checksum: d99a625260c2fafae89463dc7639b8d2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa ([email protected]) on 2016-08-16T17:07:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Braz_J_Med_Biol_Res_38_777-781.pdf: 457426 bytes, checksum: d99a625260c2fafae89463dc7639b8d2 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T17:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braz_J_Med_Biol_Res_38_777-781.pdf: 457426 bytes, checksum: d99a625260c2fafae89463dc7639b8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Few vaccines in history have induced such a dramatic decline in incidence over such a short period of time as the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate. This vaccine was introduced in 1988 in the United States, but only in 1999 was Hib immunization introduced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health as part of the routine infant National Immunization Program. The authors analyzed 229 H. influenzae (Hi) isolates from Public Health Laboratories in three Brazilian states: Pernambuco (Northeast, N = 54), Santa Catarina (South, N = 19), and Rio de Janeiro (Southeast, N = 156). The isolates were collected from Brazilian children 0-10 years of age with meningitis and other infections from 1990 to 2003 and were part of the research collection of the National Institute of Quality Control in Health, FIOCRUZ. Bacterial strains were characterized by serotyping and biotyping. During the pre-vaccination period the prevalence infection due to Hib was of 165 isolates and only 2 non-b Hi among all the notified meningitis infections caused by Hi. Our results showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of Hib meningitis from 165 to 33 isolates after 1999. However, during the post-vaccination period of 2001-2003 we observed an increase in the number of non-b Hi isolates: only 2 non-b strains isolated from 1990 to 1999 and 29 from 1999 to 2003. Based on the present data, the authors emphasize the need for more sensitive epidemiological and bacteriological studies aiming the improvement of the available Hib vaccine, in order to protect the susceptible population to infections due to other serological types of Hi and the reevaluation of immunization schedules used by the National Immunization Program

Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence