Retrospective and prospective performance of original and updated Google Flu Trends (GFT) algorithm compared with national (United States), regional (Mid-Atlantic States) and local (New York City) weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, 2003–2013.

<p>Performance was evaluated by linear regression of weekly GFT estimates against weekly ILI surveillance.</p>a<p>Original GFT model time periods: The retrospective query selection model-fitting period was from September 28, 2003 through March 17, 2007; the prospective GFT model validation period was from March 18, 2007 through May 17, 2008 and ongoing operation was from May 18, 2008 through Aug 1, 2009. Mid-Atlantic region states included NJ, NY and PA (13). New York comparison was based on NY state GFT estimates (16).</p>b<p>Updated GFT model time periods: the retrospective query selection model-fitting period was from September 28, 2003 through September 18, 2009; The prospective operation period has run from September 19, 2009 through March 30, 2013. Mid-Atlantic region states included only NJ and NY (14). The New York level comparison was based on New York City GFT estimates (16).</p

Performance of Google Flu Trends (GFT) relative to public health influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance at the national (United States), regional (Mid-Atlantic States) and local (New York City) levels for specific epidemic and pandemic seasons.

<p>Performance of Google Flu Trends (GFT) relative to public health influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance at the national (United States), regional (Mid-Atlantic States) and local (New York City) levels for specific epidemic and pandemic seasons.</p

Comparison of seasonal and epidemic week of onset and peak weeks as measured by Google Flu Trends (GFT) and public health influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data at the national (United States), regional (Mid-Atlantic) and local (New York City) levels.

<p>Week of onset was identified as the first of consecutive weeks for each system and region above its Serfling regression 95% threshold, and peaks were identified as the weeks reporting the highest percent-ILI for each season or epidemic. The public health ILI onset and peak weeks are given by surveillance week for each season. The GFT model onset and peak weeks are given relative to the corresponding season/epidemic and regional ILI surveillance weeks.</p>a<p>Original GFT model time periods: The retrospective query selection model-fitting period was from September 28, 2003 through March 17, 2007; the prospective GFT model validation period was from March 18, 2007 through May 17, 2008 and ongoing operation was from May 18, 2008 through Aug 1, 2009. Mid-Atlantic region states included NJ, NY and PA (13). New York comparison was based on NY state GFT estimates (16).</p>b<p>Updated GFT model time periods: the retrospective query selection model-fitting period was from September 28, 2003 through September 18, 2009; The prospective operation period has run from September 19, 2009 through March 30, 2013. Mid-Atlantic region states included only NJ and NY (14). The New York level comparisons was based on New York City GFT estimates (16).</p>**<p>National and Mid-Atlantic region data remained above threshold at the beginning of the 2009/2010 pandemic season.</p>***<p>No consecutive weeks above threshold to identify onset or peak during this period.</p

Doctores hispanos en leyes y cánones por la Universidad de La Sapienza de Roma (1549-1774)

The book presents the catalogue of Hispanic doctors in Civil and Canon Law graduated at the University of La Sapienza in Rome from 1549 to 1774. It also includes a list of Portuguese graduates. In La Sapienza, contrary to what has been maintained by many scholars, hundreds of foreign students received their doctorate degrees in Civil and Canon Law. The book, after a presentation of the College of Consistorial Lawyers and the Professors of the Faculty of Civil and Canon Law, emphasizes the international character of the doctoral students and focuses on Spaniards. Decisive contributions can be made going through the list of graduates, supervisors, examiners and witnesses, not only to the identification of Hispanic civilists and canonists, but also to the study of the academic, cultural and political networks, woven in Rome during the Modern Era.--------El libro presenta la nómina de doctores hispanos en leyes y cánones en la Universidad de La Sapienza de Roma desde 1549 hasta 1774. Se incluye asimismo una nómina de graduados portugueses. En La Sapienza, contrariamente a lo que se ha sostenido mayoritariamente, se doctoraron en ambos derechos centenares de estudiantes extranjeros. El libro, tras una presentación del Colegio de Abogados Consistoriales y de los profesores de la Facultad de Leyes y Cánones, enfatiza el carácter internacional de los doctorandos y se centra en los hispanos. A través del elenco de graduados, promotores, examinadores y testigos se puede contribuir decisivamente no sólo a la identificación de legistas y canonistas hispanos, sino también al estudio de las redes académicas, culturales y políticas que se tejieron en Roma durante la época moderna

Scatter plots of weekly excess influenza-like illness (ILI) visit proportions against updated Google Flu Trends (GFT) model search query estimates, 2003–2013.

<p>Weekly excess percent-ILI is calculated as Serfling estimates subtracted from observed proportions. Plots show updated GFT model estimates compared with weighted CDC ILI-Net data for (<b>A</b>) the United States, and (<b>B</b>) Mid-Atlantic HHS-2 Region States (New Jersey, New York), and local ILI surveillance from emergency department ILI visit data for (<b>C</b>) New York City. Plots are shown for weeks June 1, 2003 to April 25, 2009 (grey circles), April 26 to January 2, 2010 (red diamonds), January 3, 2010 to Oct 6, 2012 (grey squares), and October 7, 2012 to March 30, 2013 (blue triangles). Lines representing equivalent axes for X = Y are shown (grey dashed line). Regression lines are shown for the 2003/2004–2008/2009 seasons (black line), 2009 pandemic (red line), 2010/2011–2010/2012 seasons (grey solid line) and the 2012/2013 season (blue line).</p

Comparison of epidemic intensity during the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic and the 2012/2013 seasonal A/H3N2 epidemic as measured by Google Flu Trends (GFT) and public health influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance at the national (United States), regional (Mid-Atlantic) and local (New York City) levels.

<p>Epidemic intensity was measured by Serfling regression of weekly percent-ILI for public health surveillance data and GFT estimates for peak week and seasonal epidemic excess, with corresponding upper and lower 95% limit, calculated as the predicted non-epidemic baseline +1.96 standard deviations.</p

Time-series of weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance and Google Flu Trends (GFT) search query estimates, June 2003–March 2013.

<p>Observed weekly ILI proportions (black lines) are shown with Serfling model baseline (gray lines) and 95% epidemic threshold (dashed lines). The periods of the early wave of the 2009 pandemic and the 2012/2013 epidemic are shaded in grey. Sentinel ILI-Net surveillance is shown for (<b>A</b>) the United States and (<b>B</b>) Mid-Atlantic States (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania). Local ILI surveillance from emergency department visits is shown for (<b>C</b>) New York City. Scaled GFT internet search query estimates are shown for model-fitting periods for the original (thin red line) and updated (thin blue line) GFT models, and for the periods of prospective operation of the original (thick red line) and updated (thick blue line) GFT models. For Mid-Atlantic States the updated GFT model data represents ILI proportions only for New Jersey and New York (see Supporting Information).</p

Clinic-level temporal signals of the daily false positive rate of the Orasure rapid oral HIV test performed in New York City's 10 DOHMH STD clinics from March 1^st 2005 to June 30^th 2008.

<p>Showing clinic-level signals with a p-value of less than 0.01 only.</p

Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for tested temporal methods.

<p>Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for tested temporal methods.</p

Metrics for temporal methods for citywide injects at specificity 0.95.

<p>Metrics for temporal methods for citywide injects at specificity 0.95.</p