Racism, Schooling, and the Streets: A Critical Analysis of Vietnamese American Youth Gang Formation in Southern California

This paper is an analysis of the relationship between educational experiences, street life, and gang formation for Vietnamese American youth gang members in Southern California. I use critical narrative methodology to center the life and experiences of a Los Angeles area gang member. His narrative substantiates how racism in schools and on the streets works together to impact and inform gang formation. Schools were sites of inter-ethnic conflict and racialized tension, and streets were spaces for contentious interactions with the police. In addition, I place the Vietnamese American youth gang phenomenon in larger historical and political contexts such as Californias anti-youth legislation, representations of Asian American youth, and U.S. geo-politics and imperialismfactors that have serious material and ideological implications and consequences

At Home Progressive Resistance Training for Adults with Down Syndrome - Study Materials Development

Down syndrome (DS) presents secondary characteristics including hypotonia, obesity and poor physical fitness that increase barriers to participation in physical activity. PURPOSE: This project developed tailored exercise videos for adults with DS with the aim of reducing the barrier of access to physical activity. METHODS: In a 2020 pilot study, adults with DS (n=5) consented to a 4-week at home intervention following three separate pre-recorded exercise videos (a warm-up video, an exercise routine video to be replayed 2-3 times, and a cool-down video) hosted online, (n=2) dropped before baseline testing. Videos contained a progressive resistance training (PRT) routine demonstrated by a person with neurotypical development. RESULTS: Participants (n=3) showed variable upper body (modified push-ups: 7-22 reps) and lower body (30 seconds sit-to-stand: 8-11 reps) muscular strength at baseline. Three participants completed the intervention with 100% indicating the need for continuous flowing videos. Based on these results a 10-week PRT program for adults with DS was developed, with volume increasing every 2 weeks following linear periodization. The program contained 30 instructional videos (15 beginner & 15 intermediate). Each 2-week interval included three videos for each week. Videos were 1-hour-to-1.3 hours long and consisted of a warm-up (~10 min), a main exercise routine (~40-50 min), and a cool-down (~10 min). The warm-up included a brief aerobic component and full body muscle priming. Exercise routines depicted 2-3 sets of 7-8 exercises with 6-14 repetitions targeting all major muscle groups using body weight and a backpack for load. The cool down had static stretching. Demonstrations, scripted verbal and breathing cues were provided for all exercises. Regressions were provided for difficult exercises. Exercises went from large to small muscle groups and spaced by one minute of rest time. Males and females, neurotypical and with DS were demonstrators in each video. CONCLUSION: Pilot study results informed future study PRT workload, the need for beginner and intermediate levels, and continuous flowing videos. Access to tailored exercises for adults with DS can be potentially increased by an on-line PRT program. Future studies should evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention strategy

Linear correlation of vertical ionization energies and partial charges on acetaldehyde and methyl formate radicals in various solvents

We have studied the vertical ionisation energy (IE) and the partial charge on the carbonyl carbon atom of acetaldehyde and methyl formate radicals, in various solvents (i.e. cyclohexane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, DMSO, water, acetonitrile, THF, chloroform). We find a linear correlation between the IE and the partial charge on the carbonyle carbon of these radicals. This suggests that there is a small solvent effect on the rate of radical to carbocation formation for radicals such as acetaldehyde and methyl formate radicals, which can be explained on a simplified point charge model following Coulomb's law

Multiple column high-throughput e-beam inspection (EBI)

Single-column e-beam systems are used in production for the detection of electrical defects, but are too slow to be used for the detection of small physical defects, and can't meet future inspection requirements. This paper presents a multiple-column e-beam technology for high throughput wafer inspection. Multibeam has developed all-electrostatic columns for high-resolution imaging. The elimination of magnetic coils enables the columns to be small; e-beam deflection is faster in the absence of magnetic hysteresis. Multiple miniature-columns are assembled in an array. An array of 100 columns covers the entire surface of a 300mm wafer, affording simultaneous cross-wafer sampling. Column performance simulations and system architecture are presented. Also provided are examples of high throughput, more efficient, multiple-column wafer inspection

Supporting‐electrolyte‐free electrochemical methoxymethylation of alcohols using a 3D‐printed electrosynthesis continuous flow cell system

We describe the development of a novel low‐cost small‐footprint 3D‐printed electrosynthesis continuous flow cell system that was designed and adapted to fit a commercially available Electrasyn 2.0. The utility and effectiveness of the combined flow/electrochemistry system over the batch process was demonstrated in the development of an improved and supporting‐electrolyte‐free version of our anodic methoxymethylation of alcohols

Photodynamic Therapy with the Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 Induces Apoptosis in Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome

Our current focus on the effects of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) using silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 photosensitizer on malignant T lymphocytes arose due to preclinical observations that Jurkat cells, common surrogate for human T cell lymphoma, were more sensitive to Pc 4-PDT-induced killing than epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) as well as Sezary syndrome (SS) are variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in which malignant T-cells invade the epidermis. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of Pc 4-PDT in peripheral blood cells obtained from patients with SS and in skin biopsies of patients with MF. Our data suggest that Pc 4-PDT preferentially induces apoptosis of CD4+CD7− malignant T-lymphocytes in the blood relative to CD11b+ monocytes and nonmalignant T-cells. In vivo Pc 4-PDT of MF skin also photodamages the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2

Organic electrosynthesis: From academia to industry

The growing impetus to develop greener and more cost-efficient synthetic methods has prompted Chemists to look for new ways to activate small organic molecules. Among them, electrosynthesis is one of the greenest and cheapest since it is possible to perform redox reactions without the need for any chemical reagents. Even though electrosynthesis is on the verge of a resurgence, it is far from being a new discipline. In fact, organic electrosynthesis was popularised by Manual Baizer in the early 60s while working at Monsanto. In this article, we will review the major, as well as the most recent, achievements in industrial organic electrosynthesis

Multiple Components of the VHL Tumor Suppressor Complex Are Frequently Affected by DNA Copy Number Loss in Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are rare tumors that arise in chromaffin tissue of the adrenal gland. PCC are frequently inherited through predisposing mutations in genes such as the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. VHL is part of the VHL elongin BC protein complex that also includes CUL2/5, TCEB1, TCEB2, and RBX1; in normoxic conditions this complex targets hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) for degradation, thus preventing a hypoxic response. VHL inactivation by genetic mechanisms, such as mutation and loss of heterozygosity, inhibits HIF1A degradation, even in the presence of oxygen, and induces a pseudohypoxic response. However, the described <10% VHL mutation rate cannot account for the high frequency of hypoxic response observed. Indeed, little is known about genetic mechanisms disrupting other complex component genes. Here, we show that, in a panel of 171 PCC tumors, 59.6% harbored gene copy number loss (CNL) of at least one complex component. CNL significantly reduced gene expression and was associated with enrichment of gene targets controlled by HIF1. Interestingly, we show that VHL-related renal clear cell carcinoma harbored disruption of VHL alone. Our results indicate that VHL elongin BC protein complex components other than VHL could be important for PCC tumorigenesis and merit further investigation

Anodic oxidation of dithiane carboxylic acids: a rapid and mild 2 way to access functionalized orthoesters

A new electrochemical methodology has been developed for the preparation of a wide variety of functionalized orthoesters under mild and green conditions from easily accessible dithiane derivatives. The new methodology also offers an unprecedented way to access tri(fluorinated) orthoesters, a class of compound that has never been studied before. This provides the community with a rapid and general method to prepare libraries of functionalized orthoesters from simple and readily available starting materials

A core outcome set for localised prostate cancer effectiveness trials

Objective: To develop a core outcome set (COS) applicable for effectiveness trials of all interventions for localised prostate cancer. Background: Many treatments exist for localised prostate cancer, although it is unclear which offers the optimal therapeutic ratio. This is confounded by inconsistencies in the selection, definition, measurement and reporting of outcomes in clinical trials. Subjects and methods: A list of 79 outcomes was derived from a systematic review of published localised prostate cancer effectiveness studies and semi-structured interviews with 15 prostate cancer patients. A two-stage consensus process involving 118 patients and 56 international healthcare professionals (HCPs) (cancer specialist nurses, urological surgeons and oncologists) was undertaken, consisting of a three-round Delphi survey followed by a face-to-face consensus panel meeting of 13 HCPs and 8 patients. Results: The final COS included 19 outcomes. Twelve apply to all interventions: death from prostate cancer, death from any cause, local disease recurrence, distant disease recurrence/metastases, disease progression, need for salvage therapy, overall quality of life, stress urinary incontinence, urinary function, bowel function, faecal incontinence, sexual function. Seven were intervention-specific: perioperative deaths (surgery), positive surgical margin (surgery), thromboembolic disease (surgery), bothersome or symptomatic urethral or anastomotic stricture (surgery), need for curative treatment (active surveillance), treatment failure (ablative therapy), and side effects of hormonal therapy (hormone therapy). The UK-centric participants may limit the generalisability to other countries, but trialists should reason why the COS would not be applicable. The default position should not be that a COS developed in one country will automatically not be applicable elsewhere. Conclusion: We have established a COS for trials of effectiveness in localised prostate cancer, applicable across all interventions which should be measured in all localised prostate cancer effectiveness trials