241 research outputs found

    Surface Potentials of Hydrophobic Microdomains in Aqueous Solutions of Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium-co-methyl-n-dodecyldiallylammonium salts) with Different Counterions. Evidence for the Existence of a Critical Aggregation Concentration

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    The solvatochromic acid-base indicator 1-hexadecyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienylidene)ethylene]-1,4-dihydropyridine (HOED) was used to determine surface potentials (Y) of micelles formed from methyldiallyl-ndodecylammonium salts containing different counterions (MDDAX, X- = Cl, Br, I, benzoate, salicylate). Y decreased in the order Cl > Br > I > benzoate, salicylate consistent with conductometrically determined values for the counterion binding. HOED was also used to probe the microdomains formed in aqueous solutions of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium-co-methyl-n-dodecyldiallylammonium salts) containing different counterions (Copol C1-12 90/10 X). A similar dependence of Y on the nature of the counterion was found. Raising the temperature led to higher values of Y, while increasing the polysoap concentration appeared to lower the surface potentials for all polysoaps. With the exception of Copol C1-12 90/10 I and Sal, an additional peak in the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the probe was observed which was attributed to the aggregation of probe molecules on nondomain forming strains of the polysoap. Support for this conclusion was obtained from the observation that the intensity of the additional peak greatly decreased upon increasing the polysoap concentration. This behavior can be reconciled with the occurrence of a critical aggregation concentration. The sudden rise of the aggregation numbers of Copol C1-12 90/10 Br and benzoate at ca. 10 mM, leading to a constant value at higher concentrations, provides additional evidence for this conclusion

    Polymer-surfactant interactions:Aqueous chemistry of laundry detergents

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    This thesis describes a study of the interaction between surfactants and water-soluble polymers carrying hydrophobic end groups, with a focus on liquid laundry detergents

    Построение и структура моделирующих графов сложных систем

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    На базе общей теоретико-множественной модели системы обоснована концепция моделирующего и обобщенного моделирующего графов сложных систем как основы построения баз данных и знаний интеллектуальных информационных систем. Рассмотрены способы задания структуры графов множеством инцидентности и смежности и оценивается их эффективность.На базі загальної теоретико-множинної моделі системи обгрунтована концепція моделюючого і узагальненого моделюючого графів складних систем як основи побудови баз даних та знань інтелектуальних інформаційних систем. Розглянуті засоби задання структури графів множинами інцидентності та суміжності і оцінюється їх ефективність.A concept of modeling and geleralized modeling graph of complex systems is proved on the basis of common model of system as a base for building data bases and the knowledge base of intellectual information system. Setting of graphs structure by incedenity and contiguity sets is reviewed and their effectiveness is estimated

    Pension fund governance in financial reporting

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    Staatsobligaties met landenrisico: verwerking, waardering en toelichting in de jaarrekening

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    In deze bijdrage worden de resultaten van een empirisch onderzoek naar de informatieverschaffing over staatsobligaties met landenrisico in de jaarrekening 2011 van dertig Europese banken gepresenteerd. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat er een grote verscheidenheid is in de aard en omvang van de toelichtingen in de jaarrekeningen van de onderzochte banken. We concluderen dat de kwaliteit van verslaggeving van een aantal banken op het door ons onderzochte aspect onder de maat is. Gezien de maatschappelijke relevantie van het onderwerp is dit moeilijk te billijken. Daarentegen geven andere banken meer toelichting dan op basis van de standaarden wettelijk vereist wordt, hetgeen als een bemoedigend signaal kan worden opgevat

    Pension fund governance in financial reporting

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