17 research outputs found
Ingestion of micronutrient fortified breakfast cereal has no influence on immune function in healthy children: A randomized controlled trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study investigated the influence of 2-months ingestion of an "immune" nutrient fortified breakfast cereal on immune function and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in healthy children during the winter season.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects included 73 children (N = 42 males, N = 31 females) ranging in age from 7 to 13 years (mean ± SD age, 9.9 ± 1.7 years), and 65 completed all phases of the study. Subjects were randomized to one of three groups--low, moderate, or high fortification--with breakfast cereals administered in double blinded fashion. The "medium" fortified cereal contained B-complex vitamins, vitamins A and C, iron, zinc, and calcium, with the addition of vitamin E and higher amounts of vitamins A and C, and zinc in the "high" group. Immune measures included delayed-typed hypersensitivity, global IgG antibody response over four weeks to pneumococcal vaccination, salivary IgA concentration, natural killer cell activity, and granulocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity. Subjects under parental supervision filled in a daily log using URTI symptoms codes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Subjects ingested 3337 ± 851 g cereal during the 2-month study, which represented 14% of total diet energy intake and 20-85% of selected vitamins and minerals. Despite significant increases in nutrient intake, URTI rates and pre- to- post-study changes in all immune function measures did not differ between groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data from this study indicate that ingestion of breakfast cereal fortified with a micronutrient blend for two winter months by healthy, growing children does not significantly influence biomarkers for immune function or URTI rates.</p
Implications of Acquired Environmental Enteric Dysfunction for Growth and Stunting in Infants and Children Living in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Do low-income households in Tanzania derive income and nutrition benefits from dairy innovation and dairy production?
A clinical study of 31 individuals with midline facial defects with hypertelorism and a guideline for follow-up Estudo clĂnico de 31 indivĂduos com defeitos de linha mĂ©dia facial com hipertelorismo e diretrizes para seguimento clĂnico
In order to contribute to clinical delineation of midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH) and to etiologic diagnosis of the isolated form, 31 patients with MFDH unaffected by known syndromic associations were evaluated. Group A included patients personally examined by the authors, while Group B included those previously evaluated by other geneticists. Among the 14 patients from Group A, there were 7 with distinct pictures of multiple congenital anomalies. In Group B, 5 of the 17 patients also exhibited a distinct pattern of defects. Among isolated MFDH, there was association with anomalies of the skull and facial bones (13/14), otorhinologic (11/16), central nervous system (9/16), and ocular (6/7), and audiologic (3/16); 1/3 of the cases had a relevant gestational intercurrences. Isolated FNM may have involvement of environmental components in some cases; the possibility of a syndromic picture should be extensive investigated. Follow-up of such patients must include the examinations herein performed.<br>Objetivando contribuir com o delineamento clĂnico de defeitos de linha mĂ©dia facial com hipertelorismo (DLMFH) e com o diagnĂłstico etiolĂłgico das formas isoladas, foram avaliados 31 indivĂduos com DLMFH sem condiçÔes clĂnicas definidas. O Grupo A constituiu-se de pacientes examinados pessoalmente e o Grupo B, inicialmente, por outro geneticista. Entre os 14 pacientes do Grupo A, detectou-se 7 novos quadros de anomalias mĂșltiplas (AM). No Grupo B, 5 dos 17 pacientes exibiram um quadro clĂnico Ășnico e peculiar. Nos casos de DLMFH isolados, detectou-se associação com anomalias de ossos de crĂąnio e face (13/14), otorrinolaringolĂłgicas (11/16), de sistema nervoso central (9/16), oculares (6/7), e audiolĂłgicas (3/16); houve antecedentes gestacionais relevantes em 1/3. Existem evidĂȘncias de envolvimento de fatores ambientais em parte dos casos de formas isoladas de DLMFH, devendo-se atentar para a possibilidade de um quadro distinto de AM. Todas as investigaçÔes realizadas sĂŁo Ășteis para avaliação e seguimento clĂnico