Bocavirus Infection in Hospitalized Children, South Korea

This study presents the first evidence of human bocavirus infection in South Korean children. The virus was detected in 27 (8.0%) of 336 tested specimens, including 17 (7.5%) of 225 virus-negative specimens, collected from children with acute lower respiratory tract infection

Multimodality imaging studies of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate multimodality imaging findings of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPN) of the pancreas.METHODSThis study was approved by the institutional review board with waived informed consent. A total of eight patients were histopathologically diagnosed with pancreatic ITPN in a single institution over a 6-year period. The imaging findings of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) were reviewed and correlated with clinicopathologic findings.RESULTSHistopathologically, an invasive carcinoma component was found in 5 of 8 patients (62.5%). The median diameter of the lesions and the main pancreatic ducts were larger in ITPN with invasive carcinoma (19 mm, 13.3–98.0 mm and 13 mm, 5.9–16.3 mm, respectively) than in ITPN without invasive carcinoma (13 mm, 12.7–18.5 mm and 6 mm, 5.6–6.1 mm, respectively), but not significantly (lesions, P = 0.229 and main pancreatic ducts, P = 0.143). Pancreatolithiasis accompanied invasive carcinoma in 3 of 5 patients (60%). Intraductal solid tumors were demonstrated on CT (5/8, 62.5%), MRCP (5/7, 71.4%), and EUS (7/7, 100%). In addition, various imaging findings mimicking chronic autoimmune pancreatitis or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were found in 3 patients (37.5%) on multimodality imaging. The lesion multiplicity and synchronous or metachronous biliary cancer occurred in 3 patients (37.5%), respectively.CONCLUSIONPatients with associated invasive carcinoma from pancreatic ITPN may have presented a trend toward larger tumor size and dilated pancreatic duct with pancreatoliths, but the difference was not statistically significant. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to provide better insight into these findings. Pancreatic ITPN can show various atypical imaging findings as well as typical intraductal solid tumor on multimodality imaging. The presence of lesion multiplicity and synchronous or metachronous biliary cancer can be helpful for assisting with the diagnosis of pancreatic ITPN

Ductographic Findings of Breast Cancer

Ductography has become the gold standard for the evaluation of patients exhibiting pathologic nipple discharges. In nine patients (age range, 29-67 years; median age, 51 years) with invasive (n=5) or intraductal (n=4) cancer, ductographic findings were recorded, then correlated with mammographic and sonographic findings. Common ductographic findings included complete ductal obstruction, multiple irregular filling defects in the nondilated peripheral ducts, ductal wall irregularities, periductal contrast extravasation, and ductal displacement. Faint microcalcifications or ill-defined masses, which were not opacified by contrast material, were often discovered adjacent to ductal abnormalities. Mammographically and sonographically occult diffusely spreading intraductal cancers often manifested as pathologic nipple discharge. In such cases, meticulous ductographic examinations and interpretations were crucial in order not to miss breast cancers

Unilateral Breast Edema: Spectrum of Etiologies and Imaging Appearances

Breast edema is defined as a mammographic pattern of skin thickening, increased parenchymal density, and interstitial marking. It can be caused by benign or malignant diseases, as a result of a tumor in the dermal lymphatics of the breast, lymphatic congestion caused by breast, lymphatic drainage obstruction, or by congestive heart failure

Effect of rutin from tartary buckwheat sprout on serum glucose-lowering in animal model of type 2 diabetes

This study investigates the anti-diabetic effects of rutin from tartary buckwheat sprout in type 2 diabetes mouse model. The rutin content in tartary buckwheat sprout (TBS) is five times higher than that found in common buckwheat sprout (CBS) as evident from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Administration of either rutin or TBS ethanolic extract to diabetes mice decreased the serum glucose level significantly. Rutin down-regulated the expression levels of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B; negative regulator of insulin pathway, both transcriptionally and translationally in myocyte C2C12 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, rutin can play a critical role in down-regulation of serum glucose level in type 2 diabetes

Could Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test be Useful in Predicting Inhaled Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Chronic Cough? A Systematic Review

© 2016 Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a safe and convenient test for assessing T H 2 airway inflammation, which is potentially useful in the management of patients with chronic cough. Objective To summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic usefulness of FENO for predicting inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) responsiveness in patients with chronic cough. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to February 2015, without language restriction. We included studies that reported the usefulness of FENO (index test) for predicting ICS responsiveness (reference standard) in patients with chronic cough (target condition). The data were extracted to construct a 2 × 2 accuracy table. Study quality was assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Results We identified 5 original studies (2 prospective and 3 retrospective studies). We identified considerable heterogeneities in study design and outcome definitions, and thus were unable to perform a meta-analysis. The proportion of ICS responders ranged from 44% to 59%. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 53% to 90%, and from 63% to 97%, respectively. The reported area under the curve ranged from abou t 0.60 to 0.87; however, studies with a prospective design and a lower prevalence of asthma had lower area under the curve values. None measured placebo effects or objective cough frequency. Conclusions We did not find strong evidence to support the use of FENO tests for predicting ICS responsiveness in chronic cough. Further studies need to have a randomized, placebo-controlled design, and should use validated measurement tools for cough. Standardization would facilitate the development of clinical evidence